NURS 299 EXAM 2 FINAL EXAM
GUIDE 2024-2025|VERIFIED EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS ALL GRADED
A+|GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020 - ANSWER-✅-Healthy eating patterns
(variety of nutrient density and the amount)
- Limit calories from added sugars and saturated fats and reduces sodium intakes.
-less processed foods
5 Major Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020 - ANSWER-✅1) Follow a healthy eating
pattern across the lifespan
2) Focus on variety, nutrient density, and amount
3) Limit calories from added sugars and saturated fats and reduce sodium intake
4) Shift to healthier food and beverage choices
5) Support healthy eating patterns for all
· Diet and cancer prevention - ANSWER-✅-Eat 2.5 cups veggies and 2 cups fruits
-leafy greens, legumes, fruits, veggies, lots of folate
-Limit amounts of red meat, whole-fat dairy, high fat (one-third plate)
-Balance calorie intake and exercise
-Limit alcohol
-eat whole grains
-prepare food in healthy ways
· Top cancer causing foods - ANSWER-✅-Processed meats, cookies, hot dogs, French
fries, doughnuts, crackers, chips, bacon
· Top anti cancer foods - ANSWER-✅-Leafy veggies, cauliflower, turmeric, soursop,
broccoli, noni, tomatoes, garlic
, · Type-2 diabetes risk factors & exercise - ANSWER-✅-minority and elderly affected
disproportionally
-dietary fat intake
-Obesity, hypertension, alcoholism
-exercise daily to minimize sugar levels in diet (increase insulin sensitivity, burning
carbs, improve glycemic control)
-family history matters
SNAP - ANSWER-✅Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: food stamps
monthly to help low income families by nutritious food
WIC - ANSWER-✅PREGNANT Women, infant, children: nutrition education to low
income pregnant/ post-partum women and children under 5. Outcomes: Medicaid
costs, longer gestation, higher birth weights, lower infant mortality rates
NSLP - ANSWER-✅National School Lunch Program: help schools provide balanced,
low-cost/ free lunches
· Obesity in children and trends - ANSWER-✅-1/3 children are obese, and 2/3 adults
are obese.
-Obese BMI is 30 or higher
-Current generation of children may be less healthy and have shorter lives
-due to high calorie food and lack of exercise (electronic use)
· Heart disease and diet - ANSWER-✅-goal is to prevent HD
-balanced diet with fruit, veggies, grains
-limit high calorie foods, tans-fat, alcohol
-limit sodium and increase potassium, calcium, and magnesium
-Whole grains reduce risk of heart disease.
-reduce saturated fats
Stages of change - ANSWER-✅-Pre-contemplative (not considering change)
-Contemplative (aware but not considering change soon)
-Preparational (planning to change)
-Action (has begun to make behavioral change)
-Maintenance (continued commitment to behavior- long term)
-Relapse (reverted to old behavior)
LEARN - ANSWER-✅-listen, empathize, apologize, react, notify
Exercise changes - ANSWER-✅-Build a rhythm of physical activity (build a habit)
-Create a supportive environment- health care professionals should recognize stages
of change
-Make sure the client is ready to change and build their plan with them
-Incorporate rewards
, · Exercise and adherence - ANSWER-✅-behavior change enhanced by finding
meaning and purpose in active lifestyle
-Biopsychosocial and spiritual variables important
-exercise helps with aging, obesity, hypertension, osteoporosis, arthritis, immune
function, mental health
· Indicators of nutrition-related health - ANSWER-✅-overweight
-high serum cholesterol
-hypertension
-risk factors for CHD and CVA
· Osteoarthritis and exercise - ANSWER-✅-Aquatic exercise
-improve function and decrease pain
-resistance without irritating joints
· Osteoporosis and exercise - ANSWER-✅-Exercise prevents osteoporosis
-Exercise to increase bone mass development (BMD)
-Goal: increase mechanical stress on bone
-Workouts: weight bearing, aerobic, resistance training
-3-5 times a week for 20-30 min
· Effects of stress on the body - ANSWER-✅-Fight or flight: sympathetic nervous
system release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Results in increased metabolism,
pulse rate, bp, respiratory rate, and muscle tension-Corticosteroids and other
neuroendocrine substance release increases glucose levels, sodium retention and
anti-inflammatory response
Chronic stress vs short term stress - ANSWER-✅-chronic stress: body is unable to
adapt and threatens homeostasis
-short term stress: make a person efficient and goal oriented
Positive degree of stress - ANSWER-✅brief increase in heart rate; intensified focus;
mild elevation in stress hormones.
Tolerable degree of stress - ANSWER-✅serious but temporary stress responses
mitigated by positive, buffering influences or relationships
Toxic degree of stress - ANSWER-✅intense and prolonged activation of stress
response systems without positive buffering influences or relationships
American diets - ANSWER-✅-larger portions
-sodium, saturated fats, carbs
-consumes insufficient amounts of certain nutrients, such as vitamin D, calcium,
potassium, and dietary fiber but an excess of solid fats and added sugars (SoFAS),
refined grains, sodium, and saturated fat
, · Spirituality - ANSWER-✅Spiritual practice: activities that help people find meaning,
purpose, and feeling of connection/ search for the meaning of existence. Examples:
religion, altruistic activities, journal writing
· Introducing food to children - ANSWER-✅-Introduce children about 10 times to get
to be comfortable and familiar ( have an undeveloped GI tract).
-Example, do not give honey to infants due to the risk for botulism.
· Allopathic medicine - ANSWER-✅-drugs and surgery
-Allopathic medicine looks at the disease and not the whole person (Care by
physician, mid level provider, drugs and surgery is used to treat these ailments)
-Western medicine: prescribe/ treat illness instead of viewing the whole person
· Reflexology - ANSWER-✅-Deep pressure to mapped points on feet and/ or hands
-Pressure applied with thumbs
-Pressure points correspond to organs of the body that will be stimulated by
pressure
· Holistic nursing - ANSWER-✅-Focuses on the whole person (more than the
absence od disease)
-Health is optimal health in all aspects of being
-Support someone's natural healing systems, consider whole person and
environment
-Moving into mainstream US
· Qi gong - ANSWER-✅-Movement arts
-Relaxed movement with meditation
-Controlled breathing to move qi energy and increase vital energy
· Music therapy - ANSWER-✅-use music/ sounds to produce desired changed in
behaviors, emotions, physiological processes
-Influence limbic system (involved with emotions/feelings)
-Decrease pain perception
Levels of prevention - ANSWER-✅Primary- education
Secondary- screening
Tertiary- rehab
Essential nutrients vs nonessential nutrients - ANSWER-✅-Essential nutrients
cannot be made in the body and must be eaten.
-essential nutrients provide energy, regulate body processes, aid growth and repair
of body tissues
-Nonessential nutrients can be made from the body.
· Role of carbohydrates - ANSWER-✅-Major source of energy and dietary fiber
-simple carbohydrates (fruit, milk, sweeteners) are easier to digest but can cause a
spike in sugar levels. Complex carbohydrates (cereal, grains, fruits, veggies) take
