Aluminum Hydraulic Shoring – answer pre-engineered shoring system comprised of
aluminum hydraulic cylinders (cross braces) used in conjunction with vertical rails
(uprights) or horizontal rails (walers). Such system is designed, specifically to support
the sidewalls of an excavation and prevent cave-ins.
Bell-bottom pier hole - answer a type of shaft or footing excavation, the bottom of which
is made larger than the cross section above to form a belled shape.
Benching (Benching system) - answera method of protecting employees from cave-ins
by excavating the sides of an excavation to form one or a series of horizontal levels or
steps, usually with vertical or near-vertical surfaces between levels.
Cave-in - answerthe separation of a mass of soil or rock material from the side of an
excavation, or the loss of soil from under a trench shield or support system, and its
sudden movement into the excavation, either by falling or sliding, in sufficient quantity
so that it could entrap, bury, or otherwise injure and immobilize a person.
Competent person - answerone who is capable of identifying existing and predictable
hazards in the surroundings, or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or
dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective
measures to eliminate them.
Cross braces - answerthe horizontal members of a shoring system installed
perpendicular to the sides of the excavation, the ends of which bear against either
uprights or wales.
Excavation - answerany man-made cut, cavity, trench, or depression in an earth
surface, formed by earth removal.
Failure - answerthe breakage, displacement, or permanent deformation of a structural
member or connection so as to reduce its structural integrity and its supportive
capabilities
Faces or sides - answerthe vertical or inclined earth surfaces formed as a result of
excavation work.
Hazardous atmosphere - answeran atmosphere which by reason of being explosive,
flammable, poisonous, corrosive, oxidizing, irritating, oxygen deficient, toxic, or
otherwise harmful, may cause death, illness, or injury.
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