,1. Multiple Choice: Which of the following medications is
considered a first-line treatment for heart failure with
reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)?
A. Amlodipine
B. Furosemide
C. Lisinopril
D. Metoprolol
Correct Answer: C. Lisinopril
Rationale: Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor, which is
recommended as a first-line treatment for HFrEF due to its
ability to reduce the workload on the heart and improve
survival rates.
2. Fill-in-the-Blank: __________ is the term used to
describe the decrease in blood pressure upon standing that
may be experienced by patients taking antihypertensive
medications.
Correct Answer: Orthostatic hypotension
Rationale: Orthostatic hypotension is a common side
effect of antihypertensive medications and can lead to
dizziness and falls, especially in the elderly.
3. True/False: Glucocorticoids are commonly used in the
management of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD).
Correct Answer: True
Rationale: Glucocorticoids help to reduce inflammation in
the airways, improve lung function, and are therefore used
in acute exacerbations of COPD.
, effects that are associated with chemotherapy agents:
A. Myelosuppression
B. Peripheral neuropathy
C. Hypertension
D. Alopecia
Correct Answers: A, B, D
Rationale: Chemotherapy agents can cause a variety of
adverse effects including myelosuppression, peripheral
neuropathy, and alopecia. Hypertension is less commonly
directly associated with chemotherapy.
5. Multiple Choice: What is the mechanism of action of
beta-blockers like propranolol in the treatment of
hypertension?
A. Vasodilation
B. Diuresis
C. Beta-adrenergic blockade
D. Calcium channel blockade
Correct Answer: C. Beta-adrenergic blockade
Rationale: Beta-blockers work by blocking the effects of
epinephrine, leading to a decrease in heart rate and
contractility, which lowers blood pressure.
6. Fill-in-the-Blank: The process by which a stroke causes
brain damage is known as __________.
Correct Answer: Cerebral infarction
Rationale: Cerebral infarction occurs when a blood vessel
supplying blood to the brain is obstructed, leading to the
death of brain tissue.
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