Rio Salado CHM130 Final
.abbreviated electron configuration - ANSWER-1. determine # of electrons
2. find closest noble gas (group 8A) with fewer electrons than your atom and put brackets around it
3. look at the period your element is on. This is your first number - always start with s subleve...
.abbreviated electron configuration - ANSWER-1. determine # of electrons
2. find closest noble gas (group 8A) with fewer electrons than your atom and put brackets around it
3. look at the period your element is on. This is your first number - always start with s sublevel
4. finish filling in from there
Ex: Chromium, 24e
closest noble gas is argon
[Ar]4s23d4
.acid - ANSWER-a substance that dissolves in water and produces hydrogen ions (H+), according to
Arrhenius theory. All acids are proton donors, according to Bronsted-Lowry theory. Sour taste.
.acid dissociation constant (Ka) - ANSWER-the product of the ions from the dissociation of a weak acid
divided by the concentration of the weak acid
.actual yield - ANSWER-the actual amount of product produced by a reaction
.amount of gas (n) - ANSWER-gas is generally measured in grams, but it will need to be converted to
moles (n) when calculated
.amphoteric - ANSWER-substances that can act as either an acid or a base in water
.atmosphere (atm) - ANSWER-a unit equal to the pressure exerted by a column of mercury 760mm high
.atmospheric pressure - ANSWER-the pressure exerted by the atmosphere
.atomic size - ANSWER-distance from nucleus to the valence (outermost) electron
,increases top to bottom within a Group
decreases left to right across a Period
.atomic spectrum - ANSWER-a series of lines specific for each element produced by photons emitted by
electrons dropping to lower energy levels
.Avogadro's law - ANSWER-a gas law that states the volume of a gas is directly related to the number of
moles of gas in the sample when pressure and temperature do not change
V1/n! = V2/n2
.base - ANSWER-a substance that dissolves in water and produces hydroxide ions (OH-) according to the
Arrhenius theory. All bases are proton acceptors, according to the Bronsted-Lowry theory.
.base dissociation constant (Kb) - ANSWER-the product of the ions from the dissociation of a weak base
divided by the concentration of a weak base
.bent - ANSWER-the shape of a molecule with two bonded atoms and one lone pair or two lone pairs
.boiling point (bp) - ANSWER-the temperature at which a substances exists as a liquid and a gas; liquid
changes to gas and gas changes to liquid
.Boyle's law - ANSWER-a gas law stating that the pressure of a gas is inversely related to the volume
when temperature and moles of gas do not change
P1V1 = P2V2
.Bronsted-Lowry acid - ANSWER-an acid is a proton donor
.Bronsted-Lowry base - ANSWER-a base is a proton acceptor
, .buffer solution - ANSWER-a mixture of a weak acid or base and its salt that resists changes in pH when
small amounts of an acid or base are added
.change of state - ANSWER-the transformation of one state of matter to another
.Charles' law - ANSWER-a gas law stating that the volume of a gas changes directly with a change in
Kelvin temperature when pressure and moles of the gas do not change
V1/T1 = V2/T2
.combined energy calculation - ANSWER-Heat (J) = mass (g) x temperature change x specific heat (J/gC)
.combined gas law - ANSWER-a relationship that combines several gas laws relating to pressure, volume
and temperature. the amount of gas must remain constant.
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
.concentration - ANSWER-a measure of the amount of solute that is dissolved in a specified amount of
solution
concentration of solution = amount of solute/amount of solution
.condensation - ANSWER-the change of state of gas to a liquid
.conjugate acid-base pair - ANSWER-an acid and base that differ by one H+. When an acid donates a
proton, the product is its conjugate base, which is capable of accepting a proton in the reverse reaction
.cooling curve - ANSWER-a diagram that illustrates temperature changes and changes of states for a
substance as heat is removed
.d block - ANSWER-the transition elements between Group 2A and 3Aare located in the d orbital
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