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ONCOLOGY NURSING MANAGEMENT IN CANCER CARE QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY GRADED A.
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ONCOLOGY NURSING MANAGEMENT IN CANCER CARE QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY GRADED A+
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ONCOLOGY NURSING MANAGEMENTIN CANCER CARE QUESTIONS
ANSWERED CORRECTLY GRADED A+
Cancer cells or neoplasia? - Answer Tissues that undergo periods of rapid and
uncontrolled growth that follow no physiological demand. The degree of anaplasia (cells
that lack normal cellular characteristics and differ in shape and organization with respect
to their cells of origin) determine whether the cells will be malignant or benign.
Benign - Answer -well differentiated (resembling cells of origin)
-only grows by expansion
-rate of growth is slow
-does not cause generalized effects.
Malignant - Answer -undifferentiated cells bearing little resemblance to cells of origin
-grows through infiltration and metastasis
-rapid rate of growth
-causes generalized effects.
Characteristics of cancer cells - Answer A. Rapid rate of proliferatoin
B. Special protein on the cell walls ("tumor-specific antigens")
I. Blood tests to measure: CEA, PSA
C. Less adhesion to adjacent cell so can spread
D. Large, irregularly shaped nucleus
E. Chromosomal abnormalities (additions, deletions, translocations.)
F. As cells grow, more glucose and oxygen are needed; cells create their own capillary
supply network to support the increasing metabolic demands (angiogenesis).
Benign cell - Answer Well-differentiated cells resemble normal cells of the tissue from
which the tumor originated
Malignant cell - Answer Undifferentiated and may bear little resemblance to the normal
cells of the tissue from which they arose
Benign mode of growth - Answer Tumor grows by expansion and does no infiltrate
surround tissues, usually encapsulated
, Malignant mode of growth - Answer Grows at the periphery and overcomes contact
inhibition to invade and infiltrate surrounding tissues
Nursing Interventions for Thrombocytopenia - Answer ---> risk for bleeding
-no razor blades
-careful for falls
-list of other meds
-soft bristled toothbrush or water pick
Invasion - Answer Refers to the growth of the primary tumor into adjacent tissues
-the cancer cells have specific destructive enzymes to create finger-like projections into
those tissues
Metastasis - Answer The dissemination or spread of cancer cells to distant body sites
through the circulatory of lymphatic systems
-malignant cells attach to endothelium and attract, fibrin, platelets and clotting factors to
seal themselves off from immune system surveillance.
Risk Factors of Cancer - Answer A. Viruses and Bacteria
I. Viruses incorporate themselves into the genetic structure of cells altering future
generation of that cell population
B. Physical Agents
I. Sunlight, radiation, chronic inflammation, tobacco use.
C. Chemical Agents
I. Tobacco smoke, carcinogens, chemicals.
D. Genetics and Familial Factors
I. Almost every type of cancer has a genetic component, shared environment,
cultural/lifestyle factors.
E. Dietary Factors
I. Dietary substances that appear to increase the risk of cancer include fats, etoh, salt-
cured or smoked meats, nitrate/nitrite containing foods, red and processed meats.
II. Greater consumption of fruits and vegetables decreases risk of lung cancer.
Primary Prevention - Answer Reducing the risks of disease through health promotion
I. Educating the community about cancer risks
II. Avoid known carcinogens
III. Making correct dietary choices
Secondary Prevention - Answer Promote screening and early detection activities
I. Breast and testicular self exam
II. Pap test
III. PSA blood test.
Tumor marker identifcation - Answer Analysis of substances found in tumor tissues,
blood, or other body fluids that are indicative of cancer cells or specific characteristics of
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