ARRT REGISTRY ACTUAL EXAM LATEST 2024/2025
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS/ ALREADY
GRADED A++
X-ray Properties - ANSWER -Packets of energy that travel in wave form
-Highly penetrating
-Form of electromagnetic radiation
-Wide variety of wavelengths and energies
-Travels in straight lines and at the speed of light
-Can ionize matter and release small amounts of energy upon passing
through matter
-Very high frequencies and very short wavelengths
4 Requirements for x-ray production - ANSWER 1)Source of free Electrons
2)Acceleration of Electrons
3)Focusing of Electrons
4)Deceleration of Electrons
Focusing Cup - ANSWER Surrounds the filament and maintains a
concentrated stream of electrons from the filament to the target area on the
anode
*Typically made of molybdenum or nickel*
Bremsstrahlung Radiation - ANSWER Projectile (high speed) electron
interacts with the electrostatic charge of the target nucleus (tungsten
cathode)
1)slows down
2)changes direction
3)loses some of its energy
-The greater the direction change, the greater energy loss and the brem
photon will possess more energy
Characteristic Radiation - ANSWER *Think Cascade*
Projectile (high speed) electron ejects an inner (K) shell electron and
ionizes the atom. Other electrons move to fill the vacancy which results in
the emission of a characteristic x-ray photon.
,Only the initial energy of the K-shell ejection results in diagnostically useful
x-rays. The rest will be absorbed by filtration or contribute to skin dose
Electromagnetic Energy - ANSWER Travels in wave form (wavelength) and
has a certain frequency.
X-radiation if one form of electromagnetic energy on the electromagnetic
spectrum
Photon - ANSWER Smallest bit of electromagnetic energy
Particulate Radiation - ANSWER Other forms of radiation, such as beta
and alpha, travel in particles
Frequency - ANSWER The rate of rise and fall (oscillation) of the
electromagnetic photon and is measured in Hertz (Hz)
Wavelength - ANSWER The distance between two successive peaks of an
electromagnetic photon
*x-radiation has very high frequencies and very short wavelengths*
Beam Characteristics: Quality - ANSWER -Expresses the penetrating
ability of the x-ray beam
Influenced by kVp and filtration
Beam Characteristics: Quantity - ANSWER Expresses the intensity or
amount of x-rays in the beam.
Measured in Roentgen (mR)
Influenced by mAs
I₁/I₂=mAs¹/mAs² (Intensity1 over intensity2=mAs1 over mAs2)
Beam Characteristics: Filtration - ANSWER Absorbs low energy, non-
diagnostic x-rays Decreases quantity.
Measured in half-value layer which is the thickness of an absorbing
material required to reduce intensity by one-half its original value
Beam Characteristics: Distance - ANSWER Also decreases quantity
,Inverse Square Law - ANSWER Used to calculate a change in beam
intensity with changes in SID
Direct Square Law - ANSWER *Density/Exposure maintenance
Will determine the change in mAs required if the radiographic density is to
remain constant but the SID is changed
Primary (useful) Radiation - ANSWER The beam prior to patient interaction
Consists of the x-ray photons directed through the x-ray tube's window port
in a direction toward the patient
Secondary Radiation - ANSWER Emitted after an x-ray photon from the
primary beam interacts with matter (characteristic radiation)
Remnant Radiation - ANSWER aka exit radiation
The portion of the attenuated x-ray beam that emerges from the patient and
interacts with the image receptor
Remnant x-ray beam aka the image forming beam
Attenuation - ANSWER The progressive absorption of the x-ray beam as it
passes through matter
Operating Console (Control Panel) - ANSWER kVp
mA
Exposure time
AEC
on/off emergency switch
Tube energized identifyer
Glass Envelope - ANSWER -Leaded Pyrex glass with high melting point
-protects internal components
-Maintains a vacuum environment
-Thinner window section where x-rays are directed for the primary beam
Electron Sources - ANSWER -Cathode:
--Negative electrode
--Molybdenum or nickel focusing cup positioned around tungsten filament
wires
-most modern tubes are dual focus containing two filaments
, Focusing Cup - ANSWER -Negatively charged
-Provides electrostatic field to control the path of electrons from cathode to
anode at exposure time (- to +)
-Aids in maintaining line focus principle
Selecting mA determines the number of electrons free around the filament
-Effectiveness depends on size and shape, and the charge, size, shape
and position of the filament in the focusing cup
Target Materials - ANSWER -Anode
--Positive electrode
--made of tungsten-high atomic number, melting point and ability to
dissipate heat
-Rotating the anode increases the surface area, heat capacity and
increases tube efficiency
Line Focus Principle - ANSWER The actual area on the surface of the
anode bombarded with electrons will be larger than the focus directed
toward the film
-actual focus spot=anode
-effective/useful/projected=primary beam
Induction Motor - ANSWER -Stator windings and rotor
-Operates the rotor that spins the anode
-Stator (paired set of electromagnets) rotates around the outside of the
tube which moves the rotor within the tube
Leakage Radiation - ANSWER -x-ray photons not part of the primary beam
-emitted through the metal protective housing
-should not exceed 100mR/hr at 1 meter
Insulating Oil - ANSWER -assists in cooling the tube
-located outside the glass envelope but inside the metal protective housing
-contributes to the inherent filtration of the tube
Ohm's Law - ANSWER V=IR
V=voltage or electrical potential
I=current measured in Amperes
R=resistance measured in Ohms
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