WGU D307 EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY OBJECTIVE
ACTUAL EXAM LATEST 2024/2025 QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A++
Maslow - ANSWER Humanist psychologist who developed a pyramid
representing hierarchy of human needs
Piaget - ANSWER theorist that developed a series of stages in which an
individual passes during cognitive development; associated with
constructivism
Vygotsky - ANSWER theorist focused on the social world of people when
explaining cognitive development; associated with constructivism
Erikson - ANSWER theorist who studied psychosocial development across
the lifespan
Bandura - ANSWER Theorist who focused on observational learning;
famous for the Bobo doll experiment; active in social-cognitive theory
Kohlberg - ANSWER theorist who claimed individuals went through a
series of stages in the process of moral development.
Gilligan - ANSWER theorist who examined moral differences between boys
and girls based on social rules and on ethic of caring and responsibility;
critical of Kohlberg
Skinner - ANSWER theorist who developed the theory of operant
conditioning; associated with behaviorism
Chomsky - ANSWER theorist who formed the Universal Grammar theory;
associated with language development
Spearman - ANSWER theorist who proposed a theory of general
intelligence (IQ) measured by 'g factor')
Gardner - ANSWER theorist who wanted to broaden definition of
intelligence; created 8 types of intelligence
,Thurnstone - ANSWER theorist who proposed multiple primary mental
abilities as a way to define intelligence
Sternberg - ANSWER theorist who developed triarchic theory of
intelligence
Rogers - ANSWER theorist who expanded on Maslow's concepts;
associated with humanism
Bloom - ANSWER theorist who developed taxonomy of cognitive
processes
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - ANSWER (level 1) Physiological Needs,
(level 2) Safety and Security, (level 3) Relationships, Love and Affection,
(level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization
Schema - ANSWER a conceptual framework a person uses to make sense
of the world
Assimilation - ANSWER interpreting our new experiences in terms of our
existing schemas
Accommodation - ANSWER adapting our current understandings
(schemas) to incorporate new information
Equilibration - ANSWER the process by which children (or other people)
balance assimilation and accommodation to create stable understanding
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) - ANSWER The gap between what a
learner can accomplish alone and what he or she can achieve with
guidance from more skilled partners.
Vygotsky's 3 Types of Language - ANSWER Social Speech (to others),
Private Speech (to self), and Silent Inner Speech (associated with self-
regulation)
Observational Learning (3 types) - ANSWER learning by observing others;
the three types are live (live demonstration), verbal (verbal instructions),
and symbolic (e.g. narrative lesson)
,Social Learning Theory - ANSWER the theory that we learn social behavior
by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished; associated
with Bandura and his Bobo doll experiment
Bandura's 4 Elements of Observational Learning - ANSWER attention,
memory, imitation, motivation (also called mediational processes)
Care Ethics - ANSWER The theory that attitudes like caring and sensitivity
to context is an important aspect of the moral life, particularly for women
and girls; developed by Carol Gilligan
Nativism - ANSWER theory that human beings have an inborn capacity for
language acquisition; associated with Noam Chomsky
Universal Grammar - ANSWER Noam Chomsky's theory that all the world's
languages share a similar underlying structure
3 Ways to Learn (Skinner) - ANSWER imitating others, prompting from
others, shaping from others; associated with Behaviorism
General Intelligence - ANSWER the idea that one general factor underlies
intelligence, measured in 'g factor'; associated with Spearman
triarchic theory of intelligence - ANSWER theory that there are three kinds
of intelligence: analytical, creative, and practical; associated with Sternberg
Classical Conditioning - ANSWER a learning process that occurs when two
stimuli are repeatedly paired; a response that is at first elicited only by the
second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.
, Operant Conditioning - ANSWER Learning based on the consequences of
responding; associated with Skinner
Reinforcement - ANSWER any event that strengthens the behavior it
follows; can be positive (adding stimuli to reinforce behavior) or negative
(taking away stimuli to reinforce behavior); associated with Behaviorism
Punishment - ANSWER an event that decreases the behavior that it
follows; can be positive (adding stimuli to decrease behavior) or negative
(taking away stimuli to decrease behavior); associated with Behaviorism
Generalization (Behaviorism) - ANSWER the tendency, once a response
has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit
similar responses
Discrimination (Behaviorism) - ANSWER the learned ability to distinguish
between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an
unconditioned stimulus
Direct Instruction - ANSWER The teacher defines and teaches a concept,
guides students through its application, and arranges for extended guided
practice until mastery is achieved; characterized by very structured
curriculum
Information Processing Model - ANSWER a cognitive understanding of
memory, emphasizing how information is changed when it is encoded,
stored, and retrieved; sensory memory -> working memory -> long term
memory
Sensory Memory - ANSWER the immediate, very brief recording of sensory
information in the memory system
Working Memory - ANSWER active maintenance of information in short-
term storage; can generally only hold 5-9 items at a time
Long-Term Memory - ANSWER the relatively permanent and limitless
storehouse of the memory system; includes explicit (facts and events)
memory and implicit (skills and priming) memory
Self-Efficacy - ANSWER one's sense of competence and effectiveness
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