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Cultural Anthropology Exam 1 Questions and Answers

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Anthropology - Answer-the social science that studies the origins and social relationships of human beings culture - Answer-the attitudes and behavior that are characteristic of a particular social group or organization subculture - Answer-a social group within a national culture that has dis...

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  • October 11, 2024
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Cultural Anthropology Exam 1
Questions and Answers
Anthropology - Answer-the social science that studies the origins and social
relationships of human beings

culture - Answer-the attitudes and behavior that are characteristic of a particular social
group or organization

subculture - Answer-a social group within a national culture that has distinctive patterns
of behavior and beliefs

cultural anthropology - Answer-gathers holistic info about cultures in order to construct
theories about cultural patterns; uses ethnography and ethnology

archaeology - Answer-study of past through material remains

physical/biological anthropology - Answer-includes evolution of homo sapiens, physical
variations of humans in the world, and primatology

linguistic anthropology - Answer-study of language and the way ppl use them; entails
discriptive (recording/analyzing gramar) and comparative (relationships between
languages)

applied anthropology - Answer-the application of anthropological data, perspectives,
theory, and methods to identify, assess, and solve contemporary social problems

Emile Durkheim - Answer-Father of sociology, functionalism, metaphysician,
mechanical and organic solidarity, developed idea that division of labor as organizing
theme of society

artifacts - Answer-Human made object (tool, jewelry, toys, coins) that teach us about the
customs and belifs of people from the past

reflexive ethnography - Answer-first person, may question whether field wok is final
authoritive

realism ehtnography - Answer-3rd person, everything described from an authoritative
perspective, the anthropologist knows all.

ethnology - Answer-Examines, interprets, analyzes, and compares the results of
ethnography

, holism - Answer-refers to the study of the whole of the human condition: past, present,
and future; biology, society, language, and culture

ethics - Answer-the moral principles and values people have

culture shock - Answer-a condition of disorientation affecting someone who is suddenly
exposed to an unfamiliar culture or way of life or set of attitudes

enculturation - Answer-the adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding culture

unilineal evolution - Answer-The first theoretical anthropological perspective to take
root. Proposed three stages of humanity (savagery, barbarism, civilization), viewed
cultural attributes as the effects of innate, biological differences.

historical particularism - Answer-It argued that each society is a collective
representation of its unique historical past, Instead, historical particularism showed that
societies could reach the same level of cultural development through different means.
Franz Boas

cultural materialism - Answer-Marvin Harris; determines human thought and behavior;
provides explanations for comparisons in groups; environment & ppl = 1; relies on ETIC

Infrastructure - Answer-production and reproduction

structure - Answer-domestic and political economy

superstructure - Answer-behavioral/mental

functionalism - Answer-a psychology based on the assumption that all mental process
are useful to an organism in adapting to the environment

etic - Answer-An outsider's understanding of another culture

emic - Answer-culture described from someone inside the culture

ethnocentrism - Answer-judging others in terms of one's own cultural standards

acculturation - Answer-the adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding culture

pidgin - Answer-an artificial language used for trade between speakers of different
languages

creole - Answer-a mother tongue that originates from contact between two languages

dialect - Answer-the usage or vocabulary that is characteristic of a specific group of
people

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