Anthropology Exam Chapters 1-5 Questions and Answers
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Course
Anthropology
Institution
Anthropology
anthropology - Answer-the study of the full scope of human diversity and the application of that knowledge to help people of different backgrounds better understand one another
Franz Boas - Answer-one of the founders of American anthropology who became deeply involved in early 20th century debat...
Anthropology Exam Chapters 1-5
Questions and Answers
anthropology - Answer-the study of the full scope of human diversity and the application
of that knowledge to help people of different backgrounds better understand one
another
Franz Boas - Answer-one of the founders of American anthropology who became
deeply involved in early 20th century debates on immigration. He worked to undermine
racialized views of immigrants and conducted studies which showed the marked
phsycial changes in the children and grandchildren of immigrants as they adapted to the
new country
Audrey Richards - Answer-Opened the pathway for the study of nutritional issues and
women and children's health in anthropology
Applied anthropology - Answer-Anthropologists who work outside of academic settings
to apply the strategies and insights of anthropology directly to current world problems
Today's anthropologists study... - Answer-HIV/AIDS in Africa, trace the spread of
disease, promote economic development in underdeveloped countries, study our
human origins
Ethnocentrism - Answer-The strong human tendency to believe that one's own culture
or way of life is normal, natural, and superior to the beliefs and practices of others
Ethnographic fieldwork - Answer-Anthropologists live with a community of people over
an extended period of time to understand their lives by "walking in their shoes"
Four-field approach - Answer-The way anthropologists examine humanity; consists of
physical anthropology, archaelogy, linguistic anthropology, and cultural anthropology
Holism - Answer-Refers to anthropology's commitment to look at the whole picture of
human life: culture, biology, history, and language
Physical/biological anthropology - Answer-The study of humans from a biological
perspective; how they have evolved over time and have adapted to their environments.
Areas of specialization includes paleoanthropology and primatology. Also study the
diversity of human physical forms that have evolved over time
Primatology - Answer-Studies living, nonhuman primates and primate fossils (including
monkeys, apes, chimpanzees, and gorillas) to see what clues their biological evolution,
behavior, and social life might provide about our own early human behavior
, Paleoanthropology - Answer-Traces the history of human evolution by reconstructing
the human fossil record. Excavate the teeth, skulls, and other bones to track changes in
human physical form over time
Archaeology - Answer-Involved the investigation of the human past by means of
excavating and analyzing material remains. Goal is to understand past human life.
Prehistoric Archaeology - Answer-Seeks to reconstruct human behavior from artifacts
that give significant clues about our ancestor's lives.Look for things such as campsites,
hunting grounds, building, burials, garbage dumps, tools, weapons, bones
Historic Archaeology - Answer-Explores the more recent past and often combines the
examination of physical remains and artifacts with that of written or oral records.
Excavate houses, stores, factories. Want to understand the impact of humans on the
environment
Linguistic anthropology - Answer-Involves the study of human language in the past and
present. Three main areas of specialization: descriptive linguists, historic linguists, and
sociolinguists
Descriptive linguists - Answer-Work carefully to describe spoken language and preserve
them as written languages. Some may spend years in rural areas helping local people
construct a written language from their spoken language
Historic linguists - Answer-Study how language changes over time within a culture and
as it moves across cultures
Sociolinguist - Answer-Study language in its social and cultural contexts. How different
speakers use language in different situations or with different people
Cultural anthropology - Answer-The study of people's everyday lives and their
communities: their behaviors, beliefs, and institutions. Explore all aspects of human
culture, such as war and violence, love and sexuality, child rearing and death. Also
examine how local communities interact with global forces. Ethnographic research is an
important part of this
Participant observation - Answer-Living and working with people on a daily basis for a
year more in order to see the world through the eyes of other
Ethnology - Answer-Cultural anthropologists analyze and compare ethnographic data
across cultures in this process. Looks to see more general patterns of human behavior
and to see how local experiences intersect with global dynamics
Globalization - Answer-Refers to the worldwide intensification of interactions and the
increased movement of money, people, goods, and ideas within and across national
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