RNR 2900 Exam 1 Questions & Answers 2024/2025
Robert Hooke - ANSWERSWho first used the word "cell" to describe the chambers he observed in magnified slices of cork
Schleiden and Schwann - ANSWERSWho is credited with the cell theory?
cell theory - ANSWERSall living organisms are composed ...
cellulose - ANSWERSthe cell wall is composed of _______
chloroplasts - ANSWERSan example of a plastid
cell wall - ANSWERSrigid outer boundary of cell, composed mainly of cellulose
protoplasm - ANSWERSall living components of a cell (everything inside cell wall)
plasa membrane - ANSWERSnext "layer" in from cell wall
,semi-permeable - ANSWERSthe cell wall is _______
cytoplasm - ANSWERSall materials bound by the plasma membrane except the nucleus
cytosol - ANSWERSsoup-like liquid within the cytoplasm
organelles - ANSWERSpersistent structures with specialized functions, most are membrane-bound
10-100 micrometers - ANSWERStypical cell size
large - ANSWERSsmaller cells have relatively ____ surface to volume rations enabling faster and more
efficient cellular communication
hemicellulose, pectin, glycoproteins - ANSWERSthe cell wall also contains a matrix of ____ in addition to
cellulose
hemicellulose - ANSWERSholds cellulose fibrils together
pectin - ANSWERSgives stiffness (like in fruit jellies)
glycoproteins - ANSWERSproteins with associated sugars
new cell walls are formed - ANSWERSmiddle lamella are first produced when _____ and shared by two
adjacent cells
middle lamella - ANSWERSlayer which cements the cell walls of two adjoining plant cells together
primary walls - ANSWERSflexible _____ are laid down on either side of the middle lamella
, secondary walls; lignin - ANSWERS_____ are produced inside primary walls by thickening and inclusion
of _____ (cellulose fibers embedded within for strength)
vacuole - ANSWERSimportant center of solute accumulation within cell
75-90% - ANSWERSthe vacuole occupies what percent of cell volume?
cell sap - ANSWERSthe vacuole contains _____ which vary with physiological state of cell
tonoplast - ANSWERSmembrane of the vacuole
-maintenance of turgor pressure
-cell growth and maturation
-dump site for waste products
-chemical and mechanical protection from herbivores
-oxalic acid precipitates as calcium oxalate crystals
-accumulation of water-soluble pigments - ANSWERSvacuole functions
anthocyanin, betacyanin, anthoxanthin - ANSWERSwater-soluble pigments accumulated by the vacuole
anthocyanin - ANSWERSblue-red-purple; color pH dependent, found in flowers and attracts pollinators
betacyanin - ANSWERSblue-purple-red. color pH dependent, found in sugar beet taproot, etc.
anthoxanthin - ANSWERSyellow, found in flowers, pollinator attraction
plastids - ANSWERSorganelles associated directly with photosynthesis, accumulation of photosynthesis
products, or deposition of pigments
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