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CD 451 Final questions well answered to pass
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CD 451 Final questions well answered to pass
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CD 451 FinalWhich look at patterns of errors and which looks at sounds individually? - correct answer ✔✔Relational
(correspondence): Looks at patterned{linguistic and articulation: looks at phonological proccesses, voice-
place-manner, and distinctive features} and non-patterened {looks at articulation and is sound by sound}
Independence Analysis: looks at patterned approaches, linear and non linear, generative, geometric,
metrical, and geographic
which test is a sound by sound assessment? - correct answer ✔✔Goldman Fristoe-3 Test of Articulation
-sound by sound analysis desvrives individual. sound errors and not patterns of errors
-good choice when there are few errors so describing patterns is not indicated
-good choice for structural organic etiology to describe distoritions and other phonetic errors
How are tests of phonology different from [sound by sound] articulation tests? - correct answer
✔✔Phonology Test:
-cognitive/linguistic disorder
-for description of error patterns and relationships between errors
-not useful when client demonstrates idiosyncratic or unusual production errors
Sound by Sound:
- Rely on 1 to 1 correspondence between the target and the production.
Implies client has some knowledge of what target ought to be but there is a change (a substitution,
omission, etc)
-client with few errors-so there is no need to describe patterns
-dysarthric client or those with distortions and other phonetic/articulatory errors.
,What is the purpose of screening? - correct answer ✔✔Strictly to identify need for further assessment,
not to diagnose or make decisions regarding intervention.
Is it designed to over or under identify those with problems? - correct answer ✔✔Screening tests are
designed to over-identify because there is greater risk with missing a client who needs intervention, than
providing further assessment for a client who ends up not needing intervention
After a screening has been performed - what are reasons for further testing? - correct answer ✔✔to test
stimulability
Stimulability is The ability of a client to repeat the correct adult form of sounds in error when provided
with models, cues, and other methods of stimulating correct or improved production.
What are the primary purposes of artic and phonological assessment? - correct answer ✔✔Purpose
To find out what child knows
Use
For children with phonological/linguistic problems & involved error patterns that do not correspond to
developmental error patterns
Advantages
Reveals what the child knows and what is missing in the child's productive phonological knowledge
What is stimulability? - correct answer ✔✔The ability of a client to repeat the correct adult form of
sounds in error when provided with models, cues, and other methods of stimulating correct or improved
production.
Indicates phonetic ability; i.e., ability to produce
Assess stimulability at three levels
sound in isolation
sound in a syllable
,sound in a word
What is stimulability used for? - correct answer ✔✔determine whether or not a sound will be acquired
without intervention
determine the level of phonetic production at which instruction may begin, including
1) which phonemes to target
2) level to target (isolation, syllable or word)
Stimulability: Research - correct answer ✔✔Children with high stimulability scores are most likely to self
correct articulation errors without remediation.
A sound which is easily imitated is likely to generalize to other levels/contexts without direct instruction.
Madison:
Regarding children with articulation errors:
Sounds for which the client is stimulable in isolation should be given priority in instruction
Children who are stimulable for production in syllables are likely to self correct and do well with
remediation
Children who are stimulable at word level may self correct
Stimulability: Research (phonological disorders) - correct answer ✔✔Powell
Miccio
Training a sound for which the child is not stimulable results in greater system wide generalization, than
training a sound for which the client is stimulable
Developed a stimulability protocol
Client encouraged to listen to and watch the clinician's production
, Includes imitative testing on error sounds produced in phrases, words, syllables or in isolation
Stimulability in isolation, nonsense syllables (I,M,F) and monosyllabic words (I,M,F)
Considerations - cooperation of child, number of sounds in error, success with imitative task
Why do stimulability testing? - correct answer ✔✔-Stimulability is a consideration in selection of targets.
-For cognitive linguistic problem, i.e. phonological problems, select a sound for which the client is least
stimulable or not stimulable.
For a motor production or organic problem, choose a sound for which the client is stimulable.
What are the outcomes of assessments? - correct answer ✔✔What the client tried to produce.
What the client actually produced.
What is correct.
What is incorrect.
The nature of the incorrect productions.
Sounds for which improved or correction production can be stimulated, and contexts that facilitate
production.
Which intervention approach? - correct answer ✔✔Considerations when choosing an approach to
intervention:
Diagnosis.
Age and stage.
Direct or indirect focus on speech.
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