Exam (elaborations)
CD 650: Motor Speech Final Exam study set (weeks 9-15) fully solved
- Course
- Institution
CD 650: Motor Speech Final Exam study set (weeks 9-15) fully solved
[Show more]
Content preview
CD 650: Motor Speech Final Exam studyset (weeks 9-15)
Hypokinetic dysarthria is associated with damage to what part of the nervous system? - correct answer
✔✔Basal ganglia control circuit
Basal Ganglia control circuit; Insufficient supply of dopamine (produced in the substantia nigra) leads to -
correct answer ✔✔an imbalance of neurotransmitters (dopamine and acetylcholine) important to
proper functioning of basal ganglia control circuit
What are the underlying neuromuscular features of hypokinetic dysarthria? - correct answer ✔✔•
Rigidity
• Reduced range of movement
• Increased rate of repetitive movement
about rigidity: if you were to feel the muscles of someone with rigidity - correct answer ✔✔they would
literally feel stiff; type of rigidity known as "cogwheel rigidity"
Depletion or insufficiency of what neurotransmitter is associated with hypokinetic dysarthria? - correct
answer ✔✔Dopamine, produced in the substantia nigra
What are the most distinctive features of speech in hypokinetic dysarthria? - correct answer ✔✔• Short
rushes of speech*
• Increasing rate*
• Monopitch and monoloudness
• Diminished stress patterning
• Palilalia
• Harsh/breathy voice Blurring of AMRs
*will help to identify
,How is a breathy voice in hypokinetic dysarthria different from a breathy voice in flaccid dysarthria? -
correct answer ✔✔Harsher with hypokinetic dysarthria
Discuss the confirmatory signs for hypokinetic dysarthria - correct answer ✔✔• Infrequent eyeblink and
swallowing
• Minimal facial expression
• Lips might appear tight
• Tremulousness of jaw and lips
• AMRs accelerate
• Lack of movements of that accompany speech
• Reduced chest wall movement during quiet breathing
How would you expect production of AMRs in hypokinetic dysarthria to differ from AMRs in any other
type of dysarthria? - correct answer ✔✔AMRs accelerate; can be so rapid they blur together = "blurring
of AMRs"
Name at least three typical complaints of patients with hypokinetic dysarthria. - correct answer ✔✔•
Weak/quiet voice
• Trouble getting started
• Rate of speech is too fast
• Speech gets worse with fatigue
• Upper lip feels stiff
What disease is the most frequent cause of hypokinetic dysarthria? - correct answer ✔✔Parkinson's
What do we mean by bradykinesia? Provide examples. - correct answer ✔✔Slowness of movement
• Delays/false starts
• Slowness once the movement has begun
• May be difficult to stop movements
• Repetitive movements decreased in amplitude and increased in speed
, • May be intermittent "freezing"
• *Thought not to be simply the result of rigidity or weakness
If a person has Parkinson's disease and dysarthria...what type of dysarthria would you expect it to be? -
correct answer ✔✔Hypokinetic
What are the four cardinal signs of Parkinson's disease? Be able to explain each. - correct answer
✔✔Resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, loss/diminishment of postural reflexes
resting tremor - correct answer ✔✔often evident in hands, head, and feet; tremor lessens when
engaged in voluntary movement; pill-rolling movement in hands
rigidity: cogwheel rigidity during passive movement; leads to stooped posture and falling en bloc (if
someone falls - correct answer ✔✔they fall like a tree - all in one piece and can't break fall)
bradykinesia - correct answer ✔✔slowness of movement
loss/diminishment of postural reflexes - correct answer ✔✔tend to have involuntary flexion, body is
stooped over; can't "catch themselves" if they fall - (it's like a tree just falling over)
What do we mean by "cogwheel rigidity"? - correct answer ✔✔it's sort of a jerky-- any movement you
get-- as you're moving a limb, for example, passively through a range-- is a sort of jerky movement, as if
you were going over the cogs on a wheel.
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is - correct answer ✔✔a disease of unknown origin that is more
common in women over the age of 50. The average survival is 6 to 7 years. It results in cell loss in many
areas of the brain, but the cranial nerves and cerebral cortex (minus the frontal lobe) are usually spared.
Symptoms of PSP - correct answer ✔✔paralysis of vertical gaze, signs of parkinsonism, dysarthria and
dysphagia are common, and there are personality and cognitive changes (significant - as the frontal lobe
is damaged). PSP is not responsive to Parkinson's disease medications.
PSP syndromes include - correct answer ✔✔Diffuse Lewy body disease and Pick's disease.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller BravelRadon. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $17.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
82871 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now