phoneme - Correct Answer a phoneme is the smallest part of SPOKEN language that makes a difference in the meaning of the word. English has 44 phonemes. Think of tapping.
grapheme - Correct Answer smallest part of WRITTEN language. Think of line on graph. Graphemes could be only one letter li...
Foundations of Reading – 090 Exam Questions & Complete
Solutions 2024/25
phoneme - Correct Answer a phoneme is the smallest part of SPOKEN language that makes a difference
in the meaning of the word. English has 44 phonemes. Think of tapping.
grapheme - Correct Answer smallest part of WRITTEN language. Think of line on graph. Graphemes
could be only one letter like b,d,f,p,s; or several letters such as ch, sh, th, ck, ea, igh.
phonics - Correct Answer the understanding that there is a predictable relationship between phonemes
(sounds of a spoken language) and graphemes (written language).
phonemic awareness - Correct Answer the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds-
phonemes- in spoken words. this is purely auditory skill and does not involve a connection to the written
form of language. ONLY SPOKEN. Lights on= alphabetic principle. Instruction must be SYSTEMATIC AND
EXPLICIT. Greatest predictors of reading success.
phonological awareness - Correct Answer a broad umbrella term that include phonemic awareness. In
addition to phonemes, phonological awareness activities can involve work with rhymes, words, syllables,
and onsets and rimes. Lights out its auditory. Ex. Rhyming, syllables, counting words in a sentence,
hearing and manipulating onset and rime and phonemic awareness.
syllable - Correct Answer a word part that contains a vowel, or, in spoken language, a vowel sound.
onset and rime - Correct Answer parts of spoken language that are smaller than syllables but larger
than phonemes. An onset is the initial constant sound of a syllable; a rime is the part of the syllable that
contains the vowel STOP= st= onset and op= rime.
Instruction must be.. - Correct Answer SYSTEMATIC AND EXPLICIT.
phoneme isolation - Correct Answer children recognize individual sounds in a word. Teacher: what is
the first sound in van? Children: The sound is v.
,phoneme identity - Correct Answer children recognize the same sounds in different words. Teacher:
What sound is the same in fall, fix and fun. Student: The f is the same.
phoneme categorization - Correct Answer children recognize the word that is odd in a set. Teacher:
What doesn't belong Bus, Bun and Rug?
Student: Rug.
phoneme blending - Correct Answer children listen to a sequence of separately spoken phonemes, and
then combine the phonemes to form a word. Then they write and read the word. Teacher: What word is
b/i/g? (tapping) Children: b/i/g/ is big.
phoneme segmenation - Correct Answer Teacher: How many sounds are in grab?
Children (tapping): g r a b. Four sounds.
Teacher: Now let's write the sounds in grab: g r a b
Teacher: writes grab on the board. Now we're going to read the word grab.
phoneme addition - Correct Answer Children make a new word by adding a phoneme to an existing
word. Write park, now change park to spark.
phoneme substitution - Correct Answer children substitute one phoneme for another to make a new
word. the word is bug. change bug to bun.
alphabetic principle - Correct Answer understanding that there are systematic and predictable
relationships between written letters and spoken sounds. A apple a.
book handling skills - Correct Answer illustrates a children's knowledge of how books "work". How to
hold the book, tracking print from left to right, front and back cover, title page, dedication page etc.
environmental print - Correct Answer print found authentically in our environment, (street signs, store
labels, and food labels). Ex: Target, exit, cheerios and McDonalds.
, emergent literacy - Correct Answer print carries meaning. Student knows that squiggly lines mean
"cursive" like their moms and dads do. Random letters put together that don't make words.
cueing systems - Correct Answer Semantics (meaning) Syntax (structure) and Phonics (visual). Strong
readers use all three. What readers use to predict, self correct and confirm when reading words that
they don't already know automatically.
SeMANtics/ MeANing - Correct Answer what would make sense? Demands knowledge of..
1. Context of the sentence/passage.
2. illustrations where available.
SynTax and STructure - Correct Answer what would sound right? would we say it that way? Demands
knowledge of..
Grammar, and an intuitive sense of the correct order of words in a sentence. subject verb agreement,
consistent use of tense.
visual/phonics - Correct Answer what word matches the print? What sounds do the letters/ letter
combinations make? Demands knowledge of.. alphabetic principle, letter sound correspondence,
phonics generalizations and structural analysis strategies.
synthetic phonics - Correct Answer a part to whole phonics approach to reading instruction in which the
student learns the sounds represented by the letters and letter combinations and blends these sounds to
pronounce words and finally identifies which phonic generalizations apply.
analytic phonics - Correct Answer a whole to part approach to word study in which the student is first
taught a number of sight words and then relevant phonics generalizations, which are subsequently
applied to other words; deductive phonics. see also whole word phonics.
compound words - Correct Answer two words put together to make a new word Ex. hotdog shoelace
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