NURS 264 Final Exam 1 Questions And All Correct Answers.
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Course
NURS 264
Institution
NURS 264
virulence - the variance in disease producing potential of different pathogens
reservoir - a source of a pathogenic organism that may or may not be suffering from the disease caused by the pathogen
vector - a living being that can carry the pathogenic organism from the reservoir to the host; ...
NURS 264 Final Exam 1 Questions And
All Correct Answers.
virulence - the variance in disease producing potential of different pathogens
reservoir - a source of a pathogenic organism that may or may not be suffering from the disease caused
by the pathogen
vector - a living being that can carry the pathogenic organism from the reservoir to the host; not
considered infected with the organism but is needed to transmit the pathogen to the host
epidemiology - the study of disease distributions in human populations
incidence - the number of new cases of infection within a population
prevalence - the number of active ongoing cases of infection at any given time
immunocompetence - an individual's ability to protect oneself from infectious agents because of a strong
immune system
opportunistic infection - an infection caused by a microorganism that flourishes because of a host's
deficient immune system
nosocomial infection - a patient infection caused by microorganisms inherent to the healthcare facility
environment; may be difficult to treat because they are often caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria
normal flora - organisms that perform advantageous functions for the life of the host and reside in
specific boundaries in the human body; secrete needed nutrients, perform necessary metabolic
activities, and help defend the body against other microorganisms; can cause infection if they invade
non-colonized areas of the body
, bacteria - can be either advantageous or harmful to humans; categorized according to their shape,
aerobic or anaerobic respiratory capability, and the laboratory staining of their cell wall; shapes of
bacteria are cocci (round), bacilli (rod-shaped), and spirochetes (spiral-shaped); gram-positive bacteria
stain purple and gram-negative bacteria stain pink; referred to by the genus to which they belong
virus - depend on a host cell's metabolic processes for their life cycle; consist of either a DNA or RNA
genome surrounded by a protein coat; most cause transient, acute illnesses, some can cause chronic
infection, and some can initiate cancer cell growth in host cells
fungi - moldlike organisms that can live on human tissue and cause infectious disease; appear as
filamentous or stringlike structures found on culture; mycoses=fungal infections classified as superficial
or deep infections; examples of fungal diseases are pneumonia, histoplasmosis, and cocciodiomycosis
parasites - protozoa, helminths, and insects capable of causing infection
protozoa - single-celled organisms present within the environment that can infect the body through the
skin and genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts; can be transmitted by contaminated water, food, or
disease carrying insects
helminths - worms that can invade the body via the skin or gastrointestinal tract
insects - can be the direct cause of disease or be a vector of disease
prions - resistant to human proteases and have the ability to confer this resistance to other proteins in
human cells; cause spongiform encephalopathy in the brain which is untreatable and fatal
skin - portal of entry most vulnerable to infection when there is a break in the integrity of the surface;
examples of infection include decubitus ulcers and dermatophytes
respiratory tract - portal of entry where organisms are inhaled; many of these pathogens are transmitted
by droplet infection; has several defense mechanisms like the mucous membranes which use mucociliary
defenses to sweep away microorganisms
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