Which statement is true regarding hiatal hernia?
A) A mixed hernia is the most common type.
B) The least common type is a paraesophageal hernia.
C) Paraesophageal hernia is herniation of the greater curvature of the stomach.
D) A sliding hernia is triggered by standing and frequent meals. - - ...
A patient is diagnosed with a kidney stone that is composed of magnesium, ammonium, and
phosphate. What type of urinary calculus is this?
A) Calcium
B) Struvite
C) Uric acid
D) Indinavir - ✔✔✔ - B) Struvite
A patient has uncontrolled or premature contractions of the detrusor muscle. Which condition is
associated with this medical problem?
A) Spinal cord injury
B) Immune system dysfunction
C) Congestive heart failure
D) Renal carcinoma - ✔✔✔ - A) Spinal cord injury
Which statement regarding renal cell carcinoma is correct?
A) It is associated with p53.
B) Symptoms include painless hematuria.
C) Early stages produce a large abdominal mass.
D) Granular cell tumors have better prognosis. - ✔✔✔ - B) Symptoms include painless hematuria.
A patient who reports abdominal and back pain has been diagnosed with bacteria in the urine. What
is the appropriate term for involvement of the upper urinary tract that is likely to cause such
symptoms?
A) Cystitis
,B) Pyelonephritis
C) Urinary tract infection
D) Asymptomatic bacteriuria - ✔✔✔ - B) Pyelonephritis
With which bacteria is acute glomerulonephritis associated?
A) Escherichia coli
B) Staphylococcus
C) Group A Streptococcus
D) Klebsiella - ✔✔✔ - C) Group A Streptococcus
A diabetic child with 4.0 g of protein in her urine each day is experiencing edema and vitamin D
deficiency. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
A 2-month-old male patient presents with the urethral opening on the dorsal surface of the penis.
Which term is the correct name for this anomaly?
A) Hypospadias
B) Epispadias
C) Exstrophy
D) Ureteropelvic junction - ✔✔✔ - Epispadias
A patient presents with wide-set eyes, "parrot beak" nose, low-set ears, and receding chin. What is
the renal manifestation associated with this presentation?
A) Potter syndrome
B) Polycystic kidney disease
C) Infundibular stenosis
, D) Megacalycosis - ✔✔✔ - Potter syndrome
A 6-year-old has just recovered from streptococcal pharyngitis. Which statement regarding this
child's acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is true?
A) Antibody-antigen complexes of IgM, IgG, and IgA are deposited.
B) The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown.
C) There is decreased vascular permeability.
D) No signs of inflammation are present. - ✔✔✔ - The exact mechanism of immune complexes is
unknown.
A patient presents with skin lesions as well as hematuria, proteinuria, and abdominal pain. Which is
the most likely cause of these symptoms?
D) Inflammation of the glomeruli - ✔✔✔ - Fusion of the glomerular foot processes
A child whose kidneys are enlarged presents with chills, fever, and abdominal pain. The most likely
diagnosis is:
A) acute pyelonephritis.
B) vesicoureteral reflux.
C) urinary tract infection.
D) enuresis. - ✔✔✔ - acute pyelonephritis
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