NUR-402 Pediatric Nursing Exam 3 Guaranteed Success
Diabetes mellitus ✔️insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects
Diabetes Type I ✔️· Most common in adolescents but may occur in adulthood
· Characterized by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells -> the pancreas produces little to no insulin
Diabetes Type II ✔️The body fails to use insulin properly combined with insulin insufficiency
Diabetes risk factors ✔️Genetic predisposition, toxins, viruses, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, high
triglycerides (x > 250), and hypertension
Diabetes (hypoglycemia) expected findings ✔️(glucose: x<60), hunger, lightheadedness, shakiness,
headache, anxiety, irritability, pallor, cool skin, diaphoresis, irritability, shallow (Kussmaul) respirations,
tachycardia, palpitations, unusual feelings, decreased LOC, decreased ability to concentrate, emotional
lability, slurred speech, headache, blurred vision, seizures -> coma
Diabetes (hyperglycemia) expected findings ✔️(glucose: x>250), thirst, polyuria (early), oliguria (late),
nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, skin that is warm, dry, and flushed, dry mucous membranes,
confusion, weakness, lethargy, weakened pulse, diminished reflexes, Kussmaul respirations, recurrent
vaginal yeast
Diabetes testing ✔️·Eight-hour fasting blood glucose: x > 126
·Random/casual blood glucose: x > 200
·Oral glucose tolerance test x > 200
Fasting blood glucose ✔️Ensure the child has fasted for at least eight hours prior to test and withhold
anti-diabetic medications until after the level is drawn
, Oral glucose tolerance ✔️Consume a balanced diet three days prior to test, fast eight hours prior to
test
Child will consume a specified amount of glucose
Blood glucose tested q 30 mins for 2 hours
Assess for hypoglycemia
HbA1c ✔️Expected range: 4-5.9%
Children less than six years old : 7.5-8.5%
Children ages six to 12: x < 8%
Children ages 12 to adulthood: x < 7.5%
Diabetes diagnostic procedure ✔️Self-monitored blood glucose
Monitor before meals and before bed
Rapid acting insulin ✔️Lispro
Onset: 15-30 mins
Peak: 30 mins to 3 hours
Duration: 3-5 hours
Short acting insulin ✔️Regular
Onset: 30 mins to 1 hour
Peak: 1-5 hours
Duration: 6-10 hours
Intermediate-acting insulin ✔️NPH
Onset: 1-2 hours
Peak: 4-14 hours
Duration: 14-24 hours