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Bio 200 Test 1 with Complete Solutions
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Bio 200 Test 1 with Complete Solutions
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Bio 200 Test 1 with Complete Solutionsabsolute fitness - ANSWER-The ratio of frequencies of a particular genotype from one
generation to the next (highest possible number of offspring)
acquired trait - ANSWER-A trait that is not in your genes but is picked up from
environmental factors
Adam Smith - ANSWER-He wrote the wealth of nations and was considered the father
of economics
Adaptation - ANSWER-inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of
survival
adaptative - ANSWER-process by which many species evolve from one species
adaptive radiation - ANSWER-An evolutionary pattern in which many species evolve
from a single ancestral species
Age of earth is verified by: - ANSWER-Age of rocks, depth of canyons and thickness of
rock strategy
Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913) - ANSWER-English naturalist who proposed,
independently of Charles Darwin, the concept of natural selection as a mechanism for
evolution and as a way to explain the great variety of living things
All proteins are composed of... - ANSWER-20 standard amino acid combinations
Allopatric - ANSWER-The formation of a new species as a result of an ancestral
population's becoming isolated by a geographic barrier.
Anaximander - ANSWER-He believed all organisms came from common ancestors or
they had common descent, he also believed in transmission of species
Aneuploids - ANSWER-Either lack chromosomes or have extra ones, common in sex
chromosomes
Archaepoteryx - ANSWER-We don't know if it's a bird or reptile
Archean fossils - ANSWER-both representatives of the major branches of the tree of
life, the bacteria and the archea
assortative mating - ANSWER-Organism of similar phenotype mate more often than
expected by random chance , tends to increase the frequency of homozygotes in the
population
,Atolls - ANSWER-a island, or chain of islands formed around volcanos
AUG is a _____ codon - ANSWER-to start; methionine
Bacterial fossils is associated with? - ANSWER-Cyanobacterial mats
balancing selection - ANSWER-natural selection that maintains two or more phenotypic
forms in a population
behavioral isolation - ANSWER-Form of reproductive isolation in which two populations
have differences in courtship rituals or other types of behavior that prevent them from
interbreeding
biological species concept - ANSWER-groups of actually or potentially interbreeding
natural populations which are reproductively isolated from other such groups
bionomial nomenclature - ANSWER-a system to specify an organism by its genus and
species. every organism is given a scientific name consisting of two parts: its genus and
species names
blending inheritance - ANSWER-An outdated, disreputed theory that the phenotype of
an offspring was a uniform blend of the parent's phenotypes.
bottleneck effect - ANSWER-a reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused
by a reduction in its size
Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) - ANSWER-He proposed a classification scheme for life
on Earth
Catatrophism - ANSWER-The principle that events in the past occured suddenly are
were caused by different mechanisms than those operating today
Centromere - ANSWER-Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached
cenzoic era - ANSWER-65 mya - now
Charles Darwin - ANSWER-Species evolve from common ancestors , species change
through time , mechanism of evolution is natural selection
Charles Lyell (1797-1875) - ANSWER-Present is the key to the past, the processes that
shape ancient geology are the same as those in modern times (uniformitarianism,
there's been a steady accumulation of minuge changes
Chromatid - ANSWER-one half of a duplicated chromosome
, chromosome-level mutation - ANSWER-a change in the number or composition of
chromosomes
Chromosomes - ANSWER-discovered in 1879, humans have 46 total, determines our
phenotype for countless traits
Codominance - ANSWER-A condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is
dominant or recessive
common descent - ANSWER-principle that all living things have a common ancestor
conservation biology - ANSWER-The integrated study of ecology, evolutionary biology,
physiology, molecular biology, and genetics to sustain biological diversity at all levels
conservative replication - ANSWER-would preserve the original molecule and generate
an entirely new molecule
Crick and brenner experiments - ANSWER-They determined how codons are read ,
codons are read in threes, codons are not spaced, reading frame is critical
cross-fertilization - ANSWER-process by which sperm from one flower's pollen fertilizes
the eggs in a flower of a different plant
crossing over/recombination - ANSWER-when homologous chromosomes trade parts of
chromosome arms, so for example a chromosome from your dad now has DNA from
your mom
Cyanobacterial mats / stromatolites - ANSWER-Community consisting of photosynthetic
cyanobacteria, bacteria and diatoms that also fix nitrogen. They form layers/columns
Daphne Major - ANSWER-One of the Galapagos Islands, which has finches showing
several different beak types, majority of Darwin's finches
Darwin's hypothesis - ANSWER-Species change over many generations and become
better adapted to new conditions
Darwin's Observations - ANSWER-he discovers extinct glyptodon (and other
mammals), mockingbirds differ in appearance on the Galapagos, the Galapagos
tortoises were different, Galapagos spinch
degenerate code - ANSWER-multiple codons encode a single amino acid
Deletion - ANSWER-A change to a chromosome in which a fragment of the
chromosome is removed
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