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BIOL 200 Midterm Exam Graded A+
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BIOL 200 Midterm Exam Graded A+
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BIOL 200 Midterm Exam Graded A+'lac' operon - ANSWER-Induces the expression of T7 RNA polymerase gene, among
other genes.
23S - ANSWER-Component of the 50S complex, ribosome with the peptidyl transferase
activity
3 components of a nucleotide - ANSWER-Pentose sugar, phosphate group, and a base
(ring of nitrogen and carbon)
3' end - ANSWER-Begins with pentose sugar
30nm chromatin fiber - ANSWER-Zigzag chain of nucleosomes and linear DNA forms a
two-start helix. Stabilized by H1.
30S initiation complex - ANSWER-Pre-initiation complex, first tRNA, and no IF3.
5 types of nitrogenous bases - ANSWER-Adenine, guanine, uracil, thymine, and
cytosine
5' end - ANSWER-Ends with phosphate group
70S initiation complex - ANSWER-50S subunit, 30S pre-initiation complex, and no
remained IFs or GMP.
A-DNA - ANSWER-Squatter form, only major grooves
Occurs in very low humidity
Bases pair diagonally
Aflatoxin - ANSWER-Mycotoxins produced by a family of fungi. Highly carcinogenic.
Amino acid - ANSWER-Organic compound composed of an amine group, a carboxylic
acid, and a specific side-chain.
Can be hydrophilic or hydrophobic.
Amino acids in alpha helix core* - ANSWER-Leu, Val, Ile, Phe, Ala
aminoacyl tRNA sythetase - ANSWER-Binds amino acid to its respective tRNA to form
an aminoacyl tRNA.
aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) - ANSWER-tRNA charged with amino acids, deliver the
amino acid chain to ribosomes
, AP lyase - ANSWER-Catalyzes the cutting of the sugar-phosphate backbone by
APEA1. Part of DNA Pol β
AP site - ANSWER-Site of removed, damaged base in BER.
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APEA 1) - ANSWER-Capable of cutting the
sugar-phosphate backbone of mutated DNA.
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APEA1) - ANSWER-Cuts the sugar-phosphate
backbone near the damaged base.
Autonomous transposons - ANSWER-Have genes encoding for transposase, which
allow it to be mobile.
B-DNA - ANSWER-Most common form.
Double, right-handed helix.
Can bend along long axis
Backward slippage - ANSWER-A small loop of microsatellite DNA can bulge out of a
replicating strand. The looped bases will not to be replicated, shortening the daughter
strand.
Barbara McClintock - ANSWER-Discovered transposable elements in maize, which she
called "jumping genes". Won her the Nobel Prize in 1983.
Base excision repair (BER) - ANSWER-Mechanism to repair DNA throughout the cell
life cycle. Repairs small, non-helix-distorting base lesions.
Bioinformatics - ANSWER-Using computer science approaches to process biological
data.
BLAST - ANSWER-Basic local alignment search tool. Matches sequences of DNA,
allowing for some gaps and mismatches.
Bleomycin - ANSWER-Anti-cancer drug that can lead to deformed DNA.
cDNA - ANSWER-Complementary to an mRNA strand. Produced during reverse
transcription.
cDNA library - ANSWER-A collection of plasmids that represent the entire mRNA
population of a cell. Common mRNAs will have the most number of complementary
plasmids. Rare mRNAs will have few.
Central Dogma - ANSWER-DNA --transcription--> RNA --translation--> proteins
Centromere - ANSWER-Binds by a complex of proteins to spindle fibers during mitosis.
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