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TEST BANK FOR BIOLOGY, 6TH EDITION BROOKER (CHAPTERS 52 )
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TEST BANK FOR BIOLOGY, 6TH EDITION BROOKER (CHAPTERS 52 )
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TEST BANK FOR BIOLOGY, 6TH EDITION BROOKER (CHAPTERS 52 )What is an animal's response to any hemorrhage? - (ANSWER)Seal the wound, accomplished by
clotting.
How does decreased BP lead to cell death? - (ANSWER)All cells require uninterrupted delivery
of oxygen and nutrients, needed for metabolic and other activities.
Very active cells are the first to show signs of malfunction.
What factors impact the rate of oxygen? - (ANSWER)- Rate of blood flow: influenced by
dilation or constriction of vessels, immediately affected after hemorrhage as BP decreases.
- Number of erythrocytes present
- % saturation of hemoglobin in erythrocytes
- Ability of hemoglobin to release O2 to cells
Blood donation - (ANSWER)- Removes 500 mL
- This is about 10% of total BV in a typical adult
- Utilizes a cannula that is inserted into the vein
Response to a hemorrhage - (ANSWER)- restore BV & BP to normal
- prevent BV & BP from continuing to decrease
-observe how organ systems respond
Tolerable Hemorrhage - (ANSWER)• Mammals can usually cope with with a 10% hemorrhage
- Symptoms are relatively mild
- BP may decrease slightly or remain normal
- Stability comes from large volume of blood in the large veins
- Serves as a reservoir
• Larger hemorrhages (20% or greater) significantly decrease blood volume
, Link Between Blood Volume and Blood Pressure - (ANSWER)-Nature of mammalian closed
circulatory system makes blood volume and blood pressure closely linked.
-When volume is normal, pressure is normal.
-When volume decreases, pressure decreases.
-When volume increases, pressure increases.
The Rapid Phase of the Homeostatic Response to Hemorrhage - (ANSWER)• Initial homeostatic
response to decreases in blood volume and pressure comes from the nervous system
• Key elements for response are
-Sensor in blood vessels
-Integrator in brain
Baroreceptors Sense Changes in Blood Pressure and Initiate a Compensatory Reflex -
(ANSWER)• Baroreceptors are pressure-sensitive regions in vessels that are in constant
communication with the brainstem
• Baroreceptors in mammals are found in
-Carotid arteries of neck (blood supply to brain)
-Aorta (first artery to emerge from left ventricle)
- Baroreceptor reflex: regulates BP
Effects of Baroreceptors - (ANSWER)-Contraction of the heart pushes blood into carotid arteries
and aorta, stretching them
Stretching opens ion channels in the baroreceptors
-Sends action potentials (AP) to the brain
-Set point for BP corresponds to a baseline frequency of AP
If BP increases above normal (setpoint), ion channels open more frequently
-Baroreceptors send AP at higher frequency
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