MODULE 7: DRUGS TO TREAT
DISORDERS OF THE ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM
In people with diabetes mellitus Type 1, explain the reason for ketoacidosis.
ANSWER
Insufficient glucose for cell metabolism stimulates catabolism of proteins and fats, resulting in
ketones or ketoacids. The liver cannot metabolize large quantities of ketones quickly, leading to
ketoacidosis.
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In people with diabetes mellitus Type 1, explain the reason for ketonuria.
Excess ketones are excreted in the urine.
TYPE 1 DIABETES
Usually thin and undernourished at diagnosis
Destruction of pancreatic beta cells - the cells responsible for insulin synthesis and release into
the bloodstream
HYPERGLYCEMIA AND HYPOGLYCEMIA
,High blood glucose level and low blood glucose elevels are the principle short-term
complications
GASTROPARESIS
Delayed stomach emptying affects 20% to 30% of patients with long-standing diabetes.
MICROVASCULAR DAMAGE
Pathology in small blood vessels contributes to kidney damage (nephropathy), blindness
(retinopathy), and various neuropathies.
MACROVASCULAR COMPLICATION
Diabetes carries an increased risk of heart disease, hypertension, and stroke. Cardiovascular
disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among people with diabetes
KETOACIDOSIS
Potentially fatal acute complication, develops when hyperglycemia becomes severe and is
allowed to persist
TYPE 2 DIABETES
Most prevalent - insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion
T/F: A hemoglobin A1C value of 6.5% or higher is considered diagnostic criteria for diabetes.
True.
ACTIVITY 2
NSG124.07.01.02 DRUG TREATMENT TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 DIABETES
THINK ABOUT QUESTION
How would omission of a meal affect blood glucose levels and insulin balance?
ANSWER
Blood glucose levels drop as insulin levels remain high, resulting in hypoglycemia.
, We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
Which of the following correctly identify treatment interventions for Type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Select all that apply.
Oral antidiabetic drugs are first-line treatment
It is essential to coordinate insulin dosage with carbohydrate intake.
Glycemic control decreases nephropathy progression
Blood pressure should be maintained at less than 160/94
It is essential to coordinate insulin dosage with carbohydrate intake.
Glycemic control decreases nephropathy progression
Requires daily dosing with insulin
Self-monitoring of blood glucose is recommended for all patients who use insulin.
__________ may be used to treat Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Insulin
ACTIVITY 3
NSG124.07.01.03 COMPARISON OF INSULIN TYPES
Which of the following insulins can be administered via intravenous infusion? Select all that
apply.
Glulisine
Detemir
Regular
Lispro
Glulisine
Regular
Lispro
Aspart
T/F: Hypoglycemia is a common complication of insulin treatment and occurs when insulin
levels exceed insulin needs.
True.
INSULIN GLARGINE (Time of onset)
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