MODULE 8: DRUGS TO TREAT
DISORDERS OF THE RENAL & URINARY
SYSTEM
BASIC KIDNEY FUNCTION
Cleansing of ECF; maintenance of ECF volume and composition
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DISTAL NEPHRON
Site of the exchange of sodium for potassium and is under the influence of aldosterone.
FILTRATION
Nonselective process and therefore cannot regulate the composition of urine
PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE (PCT)
Has a high reabsorptive capacity and large fraction (about 65%) of filtered sodium and chloride
is reabsorbed here
FILTRATION, REABSORPTION, AND ACTIVE SECRETION
The primary kidney processes that effect ECF
, SODIUM-POTASSIUM EXCHANGE
Aldosterone, the principal mineralocorticoid of the adrenal cortex, stimulates reabsorption of
sodium from the distal nephron. At the same time, aldosterone causes potassium to be
secreted.
ACTIVITY 2
NSG124.08.01.02 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF RENAL SYSTEM
Which of the following substances does the body normally retain? Which does it normally
excrete? (1) glucose, (2) sodium ions, (3) bicarbonate ions, (4) acids?
The body retains glucose, some sodium, and bicarbonate and excretes some sodium and acids.
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Compare acute and chronic renal failure with respect to cause, reversibility, and urinary output
at onset.
Acute renal failure results suddenly from severe bilateral kidney disease or systemic problems,
such as severe shock; it may be reversible if the cause is removed; urine output is greatly
reduced. Chronic renal failure is gradual, irreversible destruction of the kidneys; initially, large
volumes of dilute urine are produced.
Why is there an increased risk of drug toxicity in the later stages of renal failure?
The kidney is unable to secrete drugs or their metabolites into the filtrate for elimination;
therefore, blood levels of drug rise.
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__________ tract infections are the second most common infection encountered in healthcare
today.
Urinary
Which of the following are true regarding acute cystitis? Select all that apply.
Symptoms always include fever, chills, severe flank pain, dysuria, urinary frequency, urinary
urgency, pyuria,
Short-course therapy is more effective than single-dose therapy; advantages of short-course
therapy over conventional therapy are lower cost, greater adherence, fewer side effects, and
less potential for promoting the emergence of bacterial resistance.
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