T/F: Pharmacology textbooks and current practice use the terms antibiotic and antimicrobial
drug interchangeably.
True.
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FIRST TRULE OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY
match the drug with the bug
BROAD-SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS
Agents that are active against a wide variety of microbes
ACQUIRED RESISTANCE
When an organism that had oce been highly sensitive to an antibiotic becomes less susceptible
or no longer susceptible at all
BACTERICIDAL
Drugs are directly lethal to bacteria at clinically achievable concentrations
HOST DEFENSES AND INFECTION SITES
Imortant host factors for consideration when prescribing an antimicrobial drug
, SELECTIVE TOXICITY
The ability of a drug to injure a target cell or target organism without injuring other cells or
organisms that are in intimate contact with the target
SUPERINFECTION
Development of a new infection that appears during the course of treatment for a primary
infection
BACTERIOSTATIC
Drugs can slow bacterial growth but do not cause cell death
NARROW-SPECTRUUM ANTIBIOTICS
Agents that are active against only a few species of microorganisms
T/F: Older adults experience decreased rates of antibiotic drug metabolism and drug excretion,
placing them at risk for drug accumulation.
True.
ACTIVITY 2
NSG124.05.01.02 ANTIBIOTIC DOSING, SURATIO, & RATIONALE FOR COMBINATION
THERAPY
ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS OF ANTIBIOTIC COMBINATIONS
An additive response occurs when the antimicrobial effect of the combination is equal to the
sum of the effects of the two drugs alone
Antagonism occurs when the combination of two antibiotics may be less effective than one of
the agents by itself. Antagonism is most likely when a bacteriostatic agent is combined with a
bactericidal drug.
A potentiative interaction (also called a synergistic interaction) occurs when the effect of the
combination is greater than the sum of the effects of the individual agents.
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