Advanced Pharmacology Nurs6521 Mid
Term Final Exam 129questions and answers
latest update 2024/2025 best exam for
nursing
Anti-diarrheals - CORRECT ANSWERS Stops further occurrence of diarrhea.
Notable medicines are Loperamide "Immodium", Diphenoxylate Hcl with Atropine
"Lomotil", Bismuth subsalicylate "Pepto bismul"
Pepto s/e: black stools and tongue
Laxatives - CORRECT ANSWERS Used to ease or stimulate defecation
Soften the stool
Increase stool volume
Hasten fecal passage through the intestine
Facilitate evacuation from the rectum
*Misuse comes from misconceptions of what constitutes normal bowel function
Fiber Laxatives - CORRECT ANSWERS absorbs water, softening feces and
increasing their mass. Can be digested by colonic bacteria, whose subsequent
growth increases fecal mass. ex. Bran, veggies and fruits.
Meds: mehylcellulose, psyllium, polycarbophil
Surfactant Laxatives - CORRECT ANSWERS Meds: Docusate sodium (Colace)
Docusate calcium (Surfak)
temporary treatment of constipation
* avoid if narrowing of intestines
Give with a full glass of water or juice
Stimulant Laxatives - CORRECT ANSWERS bisacodyl: (tablets: give at night
to have BM in am , no crushing or chewing, no milk or antacids;Suppositories: BM
within 15-60 min, may cause proctitis);
senna: BM 6-12 hours after. May cause pink or brown urine.
castor oil: acts on small intestine 2-6 hour BM. Limit to only when prep for radiology
procedures. Chill and mix in juice.
,Advanced Pharmacology Nurs6521 Mid
Term Final Exam 129questions and answers
latest update 2024/2025 best exam for
nursing
* easily abused,
Give with a full glass of water.
Osmotic Laxatives - CORRECT ANSWERS Salts draw water into the intestine
causing fecal mass to soften and swell stimulating peristalsis. Low dose 6-12 hours,
high dose 2-6 hours.
magnesium hydroxide,
magnesium citrate,
polyethylene glycol,
lactulose (can be used to lower blood ammonia in liver disease)
* Increase fluid intake. Not good for kidney disease. Sodium phosphate exacerbates
cardiac disease.
antiemetic - CORRECT ANSWERS a medication that is administered to
prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting
Ondesetron
Class: 5HT3 receptor antagonist - CORRECT ANSWERS Zofran
Indication: Chemotherapy N/V, postoperative N/V, radiation induced N/V
Oral or Parental
* Prolonges QT interval (leading to torsades de pointes)
Glucocorticoids used as antiemetic - CORRECT ANSWERS Not approved by
FDA. Solumedrol and dexamethasone. Given IV.
, Advanced Pharmacology Nurs6521 Mid
Term Final Exam 129questions and answers
latest update 2024/2025 best exam for
nursing
Metoclopramide (Reglan) - CORRECT ANSWERS controls post-op NV
suppresses emesis and increases upper GI mobility
Alosetron (Lotronex) - CORRECT ANSWERS Used for IBS-D in women that
has lasted > 6 months
Blocks 5-HT3 receptors resulting in firm stool and decrease in urgency and
frequency of defecation
Can cause constipation
PPIs - CORRECT ANSWERS Proton-pump inhibitors - pronounced and long-
lasting reduction of gastric acid production - destroyed by stomach acid (take on
empty stomach) - work really well - "attack from the back" - used as a controller
Ex. Omeprazole (Prilosec)
Ranitidine (Zantac) - CORRECT ANSWERS H2 receptor antagonist. Potent
inhiitor of gastric acid secretion
Indications: GERD, ulcers, H. pylori, reflux, indigestion
ADR: Pain, constipation, diarrhea, headache. Can cause jaundice
Ulcers treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS likely caused by H. pylori. Treat with
antibiotic and pepto bismol, proton pump inhibitors (prilosec, prevacid, aciphex,
nexium, protonix), H-2 blockers (zantac, pepcid, tagamet, nazatidine), antacids, and
cytoprotective agens (carafate, cytotec)
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