SEMMELWEIS ENTRANCE EXAM
MEDICINE BIOLOGY QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS UPDATED (2024/2025)
(VERIFIED ANSWERS)
What are the simple forms of lipids? - ANS ✓fat, oil and wax
What are lipids characteristics in different solvents? - ANS ✓they are non-
polar and insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents
What are triglycerides? - ANS ✓the main group of lipids. They are formed by
condensation reactions between one glycerol and three fatty acids, creating ester
bonds
What are the main types of triglycerides? - ANS ✓fats and oils. Fats are solid
and oil liquid at room temp
What are fatty acids? - ANS ✓carboxylic acids, possessing a -COOH functional
group
What are the two basic forms of fatty acids? - ANS ✓saturated and
unsaturated
What differs saturated from unsaturated fatty acids? - ANS ✓Unsaturated
fatty acids have double bonds; a monounsaturated having one, whereas a
polyunsaturated having multiple
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What are cis and trans isomers? - ANS ✓cis having the double bond elements
on the same side, trans on opposite
Benefit of lipids over carbohydrates? - ANS ✓Lipids have a higher energy
content and can act as thermal insulators
What is the primary protein structure? - ANS ✓the number and sequence of
amino acids in a polypeptide
What is the secondary protein structure? - ANS ✓Beta pleated sheet and alpha
helix. Hydrogen bonds between polypeptides form these structures
What is the tertiary protein structure? - ANS ✓three dimensional
conformation. Forms when a polypeptide folds up after translation. Stabilized by
intramolecular bonds between amino acids and polypeptides
What is the quaternary protein structure? - ANS ✓linking two or more
polypeptides to form a single protein
What is the basic structure of DNA? - ANS ✓it is composed of three parts, a
pentose sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base
Difference in structure between DNA and RNA - ANS ✓RNA contains a ribose
sugar instead of deoxyribose and is also single stranded as well as having Uracil
as a base instead of thymine
What are the two double helix strands held together by? - ANS ✓hydrogen
bonds
What are hydrogen bonds? - ANS ✓a special type of dipole-dipole attraction
between molecules, not a covalent bond to a hydrogen atom. It results from the
attractive force between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a very
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electronegative atom such as a N, O, or F atom and another very electronegative
atom
Why is DNA antiparallel? - ANS ✓so that the paired bases can face each other
what is mRNA? - ANS ✓Messenger RNA: Encodes amino acid sequence of a
polypeptide
What is tRNA? - ANS ✓transfer RNA. It carries amino acids around during
translation.
What is rRNA? - ANS ✓Ribosomal RNA. with ribosomal proteins, makes up the
ribosomes, the organelles that translate the mRNA
what is snRNA? - ANS ✓small nuclear RNA. with proteins, forms complexes that
are used in RNA processing in eukaryotes
What are enzymes? - ANS ✓biological catalysts. They are globular proteins that
can speed up a biochemical reaction. Alternative pathway
What is glycolysis? - ANS ✓the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing
energy and pyruvic acid.
What is the kreb's cycle? - ANS ✓second stage of cellular respiration, in which
pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting
reactions
What is the mechanism of ATP production in the mitochondria? - ANS
✓located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, allows the protons to diffuse
back across the membrane to the matrix. ATP synthase uses the energy that the
protons release as they diffuse down the concentration gradient to produce ATP
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