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NTR-419 Exam 2 2024_2025 fully solved & updated
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NTR-419 Exam 2 2024_2025 fully solved & updated
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NTR-419 Exam 2 2024/2025 fully solved &updated
Lower esophageal sphincter - ANSWER-a muscular ring that controls the flow
between the esophagus and stomach
Pyloric sphincter - ANSWER-Controls passage of food from stomach to small
intestine
Enteral - ANSWER--use of the GI tract via tube instead of oral feeding
-use when oral intake is inadequate or not possible, but GI tract is still functional
Parenteral - ANSWER-going around the GI tract via IV (intravenous, inside a vein)
feeding through large vein or peripheral vein
Aspiration - ANSWER-breathing/bringing a foreign object into the lungs
Gastroparesis - ANSWER-delayed stomach emptying, part of the cytokine-
induced acute stress response which leads to high gastric residual volume which
causes nausea or vomiting
Gastric residual volume - ANSWER-the volume of formula and GI secretions
remaining in the stomach after a previous feeding
Indirect calorimetry - ANSWER-measurement of oxygen consumption as an
estimate of resting metabolic rate
, Polymeric - ANSWER-macronutrients are intact, so still need digestion
Monomeric - ANSWER-macronutrients are hydrolyzed, so no need for digestion
Nasogastric - ANSWER-tube from nose to stomach, EN feeding
Post-pyloric - ANSWER-after the pyloric sphincter between stomach and
duodenum (small intestine)
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) - ANSWER-a feeding tube inserted
endoscopically through the skin into the stomach
Percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (PEJ) - ANSWER-post-pyloric placement;
feeding catheter inserted into the jejunum through the skin and subcutaneous
tissues of the abdomen
Hyperalimentation - ANSWER-excess feeding which means excess energy
causing severe hyperglycemia and that leads to increase risk of infection and
sepsis
Nosocomial - ANSWER-hospital acquired infection
Amylases - ANSWER-Digestive enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates into
monosaccharides
Lipases - ANSWER-
Proteases - ANSWER-digestive enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino
acids and di/tripeptides
Bicarbonate - ANSWER-HCO3-, neutralizes acidic contents from stomach
Bile - ANSWER-A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles
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