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NRSG 421 Exam 1 Questions And Correct Answers
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NRSG 421 Exam 1 Questions And Correct AnswersCardiovascular disease-ANSWER Major cause of death in US CAD most common
CAD: asymptomatic or chronic stable angina
ACS: unstable angina or MI
CAD risk factors-ANSWER Modifiable: increase cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes,
obesity, smoking, physical activity
Non-modifiable: gender, race, heredity, age
CAD pathophysiology-ANSWER Atherosclerosis forms and occludes coronary arteries
unstable angina>myocardial infarction>sudden cardiac death
collateral circulation - ANSWER circulation by secondary channels after obstruction of
the principal channel supplying the heart
Stable angina - ANSWER Chest pain associated with physical activity. Relieved by
rest/medicine.
unstable angina - ANSWER Chest pain that occurs at rest, initial phase of MI
Prinzmetal's Angina - ANSWER Due to artery spasm, treat with medicine
CAD medical management - ANSWER Healthy, body weight, diet, physical activity,
smoking cessation, decreased alcohol intake, screening/TX of depression, cardiac
rehab
,Chronic Stable Angina - ANSWER History, physical, EKG, stress, test, CT, echo,
troponins, lipids, CK Dash MD
Duration: few minutes, subsides when activity is stopped, sublingual nitro
EKG: ST depression (heart, trying to repolarize)
Chronic stable angina medication - ANSWER aspirin(short acting, dilates artery/vessels)
sublingual nitro(one tab or 1-2 sprays, relief in five minutes duration 30 to 40 minutes,
repeat every 5 minutesX 3 doses)
Long acting nitrates: decreased frequency of angina, and treat Prinzmetal's angina
(headache, hypertension)
ACE and a RBS: control, blood pressure, vasodilation, decrease blood volume, prevent
ventricular remodeling
B - adrenergic, blockers: decrease myocardial contractility (bradycardia, hypotension,
wheezing, wt gain)
Calcium channel blockers: systemic, vasodilation, decreased, myocardial, contractility,
vasodilation, decreased HR (fatigue, headache, edema)
Lipid, lowering drugs: statins
Acute Coronary Syndrome - ANSWER Prolonged ischemia, not reversible
, Includes: non-ST elevation (NSTEMI), unstable, angina, ST, depressed due to ischemia,
ST (STEMI) (MI, ST elevated, occlusion, potentially reversible)
T wave inversion - ANSWER Flipped T waves, meaning, ischemia, repolarization, not
occurring
Acute coronary syndrome pathophysiology-ANSWER Impaired plaque leads to rupture,
aggregation, and thrombus
Result: partial occlusion = UA, or NSTEMI, total occlusion = STEMI
Unstable angina-ANSWER Chest pain: new onset at rest, or increase in frequency or
duration, pain lasting >10 min
STEMI &.NSTEMI-ANSWER STEMI: Emergency, artery opened in 90min with PCI or
thrombolytic
NSTEMI: PCI in 12-72 hours
Acute coronary syndrome manifestations - ANSWER Severe chest pain with no relief,
heaviness, pressure, tight, burning locations (neck, jaw, arms, back)
often early in the morning, greater than 20 min
release of catecholamines: diaphoresis, increased, HR/BP, vasoconstriction, skin rash,
cool/clammy, increased HR/BP, then decrease BP, decreased renal perfusion, crackles,
JVD, hepatic engorgement, edema, abnormal sound, N/v, fever
dyshrythmia - ANSWER Most common caused by ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, SNS
stimulation, the VT/VF most common cause of prehospital death, left sided/right sided
HF, cardiogenic shock
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