Exam (elaborations)
NRSG 421 Exam 2 Questions And Accurate Answers
- Course
- Institution
NRSG 421 Exam 2 Questions And Accurate Answers...
[Show more]
Content preview
NRSG 421 Exam 2 Questions And Accurate AnswersPlacental abruption can cause - ANSWER Post-partum hemorrhage
Hypovolemic Respiratory Failure (Type 1) - ANSWER PAO2 < 60, despite increasing
FIO2
* refractory hypoxemia
hypercapnic respiratory failure (type 2) - ANSWER PaCO2> 50 with PH < 7.35.
Acidosis
Ventilation - ANSWER movement of air in and out of lungs
Perfusion - ANSWER Blood flow through pulmonary circulatory system
Diffusion - ANSWER Exchange of 02 and CO2 within alveoli
Ventilation perfusion ration V/Q - ANSWER Normal = 4/5
High V/Q = air reaches lung, but no blood flow (PE, low CO)
Low V/Q= airflow decreased, blood flowing (pneumonia, ARDS, pulm edema)
ARF risk factors - ANSWER Hypoventilation (airway, obstruction, muscle weakness,
injury, anesthesia, opioid)
,V/Q mismatch diseases - ANSWER COPD, atelectasis, restrictive, lung diseases, PE,
ARDS, pneumothorax, pulmonary edema
ARF Early S/S - ANSWER Dyspnea, restlessness, anxiety, fatigue, tachycardia,
increased, BP, low CO2 (hyperventilating)
ARF Intermediate S/S - ANSWER Confusion, pinker, skin, tone, lethargy due to increase
CO2
ARF Late S/S - ANSWER Cyanosis/unresponsiveness
ARF diagnosis - ANSWER -ABGs
-CXR
*hypercapnia=late sign
ARF treatment - ANSWER treat underlying condition
NPPV: CPAP/BiPAP
Mechanical ventilation
ARDS - ANSWER Inflammatory condition secondary to another problem
Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema
Onset: <7 days
Diagnosis: chest X-ray (white out), PAO2/FiO2=<200
, Direct Causes of ARDS - ANSWER Aspiration of the chest, trauma, pneumonia,
pulmonary contusion, inhalation injury, pulmonary embolus
InDirect Causes of ARDS - ANSWER Sepsis/shock, pancreatitis, Burns, blood
Transfusions, transfusion related acute lung injury, cardiopulmonary bypass,
Drug/alcohol overdose
ARDS P/F ratio - ANSWER Mild= 200-300
Moderate= 100-200
Severe=<100
Exudative - Injury phase - ANSWER 24-48 hours following injury damage to capillary
membrane align fluid that is protein, rich to leak into interstitium> Alveolar sac> Causing
edema
Damaged surfactant cells, decrease ability to keep sac open*
Blood shunting past alveoli w/o being oxygenated *
Proliferative (repair) phase - 14 days after injury, cells reproducing quickly, trying to
repair, causing noncompliant, lung tissue, causes pulmonary hypertension and right
sided heart failure*
Fibrotic: fibrosis/scarring, severe tissue hypoxia, lactic acidosis*
Treatment for ARDS - Ventilation: ventilation uses lower tidal volume to prevent alveoli
rupture * PEEP used to keep alveoli open
Position: prone, relieve pressure on lungs *16-20 hrs/day
Medication: infection-antibiotics, neuromuscular blocking agents= Reduced pulmonary
resistance
Oral cares, suctioning, >30° bed
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Easton. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
82215 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now