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LARE - Planning & Design exam with complete solutions 2024_2025.
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LARE - Planning & Design exam with complete solutions 2024_2025.
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LARE - Planning & Design exam withcomplete solutions 2024/2025
recommended reading list - ANSWER-Landscape Architectural Graphic
Standards, Landscape Architecture Documentation Standards, Sustainable Sites
Handbook, Site Planning + Design Handbook
test content - ANSWER-28% schematic design, 33% master planning, 22% design
development, 17% stewardship & design principles
core assumptions - ANSWER-1. LA --> forms of human dev. respectful of
env/cultural resources w/ sustainable design + smart growth
2. health, safety, welfare = #1
3. LOVE mixed-use dev, urban in-fill, brownfield dev
4. emphasis on multimodal circulation, parking, crosswalks
5. protect hydrological resources (esp. wetlands, floodplains)
6. public input = vital component of design process
goals of sustainable site design - ANSWER-MAIN GOAL: ALWAYS find a way to
balance soc/cultural, env, & econ considerations
SOCIAL/CULTURAL (> sense of community, protect cultural + historic resources,
< crime, > public safety, equitable public service, > access outdoor recreation,
min neg impact to adjacent property)
ENV (protect natural resources/sensitive ecosystems, preserve biodiversity,
consider develop intensity/location, < pollution)
ECONOMIC (+ investment, > tourism, > property values, + skilled workers, <
commuting times, + efficient land use)
,benefits of effective site planning - ANSWER-+ public, health, safety, welfare;
+protect public from natural disasters/hazards, < construction $, > profit from
dev, protect valuable natural/cultural amenities, + critical economic processes
stakeholder - ANSWER-a person, entity, or org. w/ interest or concern in a
specific activity/action/outcome (ex: members of public, special interest groups,
gov. agencies, elected officials)
how to pick stakeholders - ANSWER--are directly impacted by issue/project (even
if assc'd through conflict of interest)
-have jurisdiction/control over something relevant to project
-possess specialist knowledge related to project
-directly rep/connected to influential social/comm networks
convener-picked stakeholders - ANSWER-convener (person/party) organizing
public participation process (usually LA) selects relevant stakeholders
selection committee - ANSWER-a group made to select stakeholders; add'l time
but effective for complex/pol.-sensitive projects
self-nomination - ANSWER-imprecise/open-ended; invitations sent to wide range
of potential stakeholders, and an interested parties decide to attend public
outreach events
snowball sampling - ANSWER-recruitment of participants based on word of
mouth or referrals from other participants; compliment any of the 3 other
selection strategies
survey techniques - ANSWER-used to collect project-relevant data from a
representative cross-section of citizens & extrapolate findings from this group to
draw conclusions about a larger pop.; must anticipate response rate to ensure
enough data will be collected
formula to calc. total # surveys that must be distributed - ANSWER-sample size /
anticipated response rate = total surveys to be distributed (ex: sample size = 1000
to be valid & response rate = 20% therefore 5000 surveys should be distributed
a good survey must - ANSWER-be preceded by pre-notification; contain
clear/non-technical language; have well-delineated purpose clearly stated in an
,intro; be concise & use graphics as needed; not overly difficult or time-
consuming for participant
surveys consist of - ANSWER-interviews & questionnaires
questionnaires - ANSWER-self-administered survey technique; allow respondents
to complete survey at a time of their choosing; anonymous
interviews - ANSWER-a sequence of scripted or unscripted questions led by
interviewer; more flexible b/c introduce unscripted follow-up questions & b/c
interviewer can choose to skip questions
visual preference surveys - ANSWER-a visual comparison b/w at least 2 proposed
conditions (or existing vs. proposed); good for pop. that have difficulty reading
design drawings (esp. plans); photos or perspective renderings; usually address
scale, massing, transportation, articulation + placement of bldg, streetscapes,
open space/park
needs assesment - ANSWER-typically used during development of master plan or
at beginner of design process; det. what a specific pop. believes lacking (esp. in
built env.); ex: if city dev. new park, they would conduct needs assmt. to
determine what amenities local citizens desire
typical components of needs assessment - ANSWER-ID target pop. for study, det.
which survey techniques to use; det. content for public mtgs/surveys; collecting
data thru mtgs/surveys; interpreting data & making summary of findings
other ways to assess needs - ANSWER-site visits, quantitative techniques (ex:
mapping and calculations to determine a specific level of service [e.g. frequency
of a specific amenity per 1000 inhabitants]); this data used to est. comparative
relationship b/w ex. conditions & ideal circumstances (ex: currently 3
playgrounds but 7=ideal)
goal - ANSWER-general statement of intent for the overall design
objective - ANSWER-specific statements that suggest how goals are going to be
accomplished; action-oriented
meeting types - ANSWER-community visioning (several tools), charettes, public
meetings (many types)
, community visioning - ANSWER-a broad planning activity, community develops
shared concept for future; should 1) reflect core community values; 2) draw from
whole of community; 3) address emerging issues of trends; 4) promote local
action; 5) envision preferred future
can be enacted through: 1) task forces; 2) surveys; 3) focus groups; 4)
workshops (chose based on timepoint in visioning process)
charette - ANSWER-intense period of design activity in which multi-disciplinary
team works closely w/ group of stakeholders to develop elements of plan;
iterative process (feedback reviewed, several concepts developed, critiqued,
refined, presented to stakeholders, repeat above until final plan created; good for
high-stakes/complex projects; builds trust b/w design team & stakeholders
charettes work best when... - ANSWER-are genuinely collaborative, consider
holistic solutions, use multidisciplinary solutions, use short work sessions,
consider several levels of detail, produce feasible plans, take place on/near
project site
informational meetings (type of public mtg) - ANSWER-used to give info to public,
get limited feedback; can be formal or organic
public hearings (type of public mtg) - ANSWER-a forum for gov. officials/public
reps to share info/make decision related to gov's reg. powers
follow specific rules & procedures defined by law; convened by planning & dev.
review committee; used to review/approve/deny/provide specific info related to
proposed design project
advisory meetings (type of public mtg) - ANSWER-used to share info; give public
greater opp. to interact w/ public officials & decision makers; begin w/
presentation, end w/ extended period of open, structured dialogue
workshops (type of public mtg) - ANSWER-dialogue for small group (8-10 ppl) to
discuss specific issue; facilitator-led
open house (type of public mtg) - ANSWER-public staff/decision makers listen &
engage w/ public; flexible schedule, long duration
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