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GRST 209 Final Exam Review Questions And Correct Answers
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GRST 209 Final Exam Review Questions And Correct AnswersWhat do foundation myths involve? - ANSWER Founding hero, explanation of the origins
of a city's boundaries, finding of an acropolis, describes the origin of the people of a
city.
What is an acropolis? - ANSWER The highest and most fortified part of a city.
What are three versions of the foundation of Athens/the Athenians? - ANSWER 1. The
first Athenians sprang from the earth on the Acropolis
2. The Athenians claim to be descended from Cecrops, who sprang from the earth on
the Acropolis
3. The Athenians believe themselves to be descended from Erichthonius, who was
descended from Athena and sprang from the earth on the Acropolis
Who was Cecrops? - ANSWER First king of Athens, responsible for choosing a tutelary
god of Athens.
What does autochthonous mean? - ANSWER Of the earth, or having sprung from the
earth.
How did Cecrops decide on a tutelary god? - ANSWER Athena and Poseidon both
wanted to be tutelary god, Cecrops held contest in which each had to show what they
could provide to the city.
What did Athena and Poseidon each bring to Athens? - ANSWER Athena brought an
olive tree, Poseidon made a salt spring shoot up from the earth.
Which god was chosen to be the tutelary god of Athens, and why? - ANSWER Athena,
because the olive tree was seen as more useful than the salt spring that Poseidon
created.
,Why was Cecrops allowed to choose the tutelary god of Athens? - ANSWER He was a
liminal figure, and favoured but the gods as a foundation hero, thus given the chance to
make the important decision.
What was Athena's epithet as tutelary god of Athens? - ANSWER Athena Polias
Which two foundation myths of Athens fit together the best? - ANSWER Version with
Cecrops as the first king of Athens and the version where the first Athenians sprung
from the ground.
Who do the future kings of Athens all trace back to? - ANSWER Erichthonius
Who were Erichthonius' parents? - ANSWER Athena, Gaia, Hephaestus
Who founded the Panathenaic Games, and what was their purpose? - ANSWER
Erichthonius founded the games, and were a source of Athenian propaganda since only
people of Attica could attend the Olympic-like games.
Who were Cecrops' daughters? - ANSWER Aglaurus, Herse, Pandrosus.
What ritual came about due to the daughters of Cecrops? -ANSWER Athenians would
every year pick two Athenian girls to live on the Acropolis for a year, then they would be
thrown of the Acropolis. This happens because Cecrops' daughters reacted this way
upon seeing Erichthonius as a baby.
What does Athena Parthenos mean? - ANSWER Athena as a virgin, unrelated to Athena
Polias; rituals associated with Athena Parthenos occurred at a different site than Athena
Polias.
Who was Erechtheus' father and who was he associated with? - ANSWER Pandion,
associated with Poseidon
, Who were the first four kings of Athens, in order of first to last? - ANSWER 1. Cecrops
(born of the earth)
2. Erechthonius (son of Gaia and Athena)
3. Pandion (son of Erichthonius)
4. Erechtheus (son of Poseidon, possibly same person as Erichthonius)
Whose sisters does Erechtheus have? - ANSWER Procne and Philomela.
Who is Tereus? - ANSWER King of Thrace, son of Ares who aided Pandion in war.
What is the reward for Tereus' help given to Pandion in war? - ANSWER Allowed to
marry Procne and take her to Thrace.
What happens to Philomela on her way to Thrace with Tereus? - ANSWER She is raped
by Tereus, who imprisons her, tortures her-removes her tongue, and fakes her death.
How does Philomela tell Procne what Tereus has done? - ANSWER She weaves a
tapestry telling the story, and gives it to her to read/interpret.
Whose child was Procne and Tereus' son? - ANSWER Itys.
How did Procne and Philomela take revenge on Tereus? - ANSWER Killed and cooked
Itys, fed him to Tereus which would make him polluted.
What was the consequence of Tereus having eaten Itys? - ANSWER A cycle of revenge
and pollution was established.
How was the cycle of revenge and pollution resolved? - ANSWER Tereus, Philomela and
Procne were all changed into birds.
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