1. What is the role of microbes in maintain temperature on earth? (Role of microbes in CO2 and CH4 recycling) - Answer-they regulate Earth's temperature by balancing the levels of CO2 and CH4 and can convert and recycle them which maintains the temperature (interchanging carbon from one form to ano...
MCB3020 EXAM Questions with Verified
Answers
1. What is the role of microbes in maintain temperature on earth? (Role of microbes in
CO2 and CH4 recycling) - Answer-they regulate Earth's temperature by balancing the
levels of CO2 and CH4 and can convert and recycle them which maintains the
temperature (interchanging carbon from one form to another)
2. List the top three cause of death in the US. How role of microbes has changes over
the last 100 years - Answer-- Heart diseases
- Cancer
-Stroke
- Antibiotics, vaccinations, and clean water / water treatment system made the biggest
difference in lowering the death rate the last 100 years
3. List the major contributions to the science of microbiology discussed in slide 3 -
Answer-
Louis Pasteur: - Answer-swan-neck flask experiment, spontaneous generation theory
disproved, also created pasteurization technique used to create wine and help kill
pathogens within food
Antony van Leeuwenhoek: - Answer-created the first microscope and discovered
microorganisms
Edward Jenner: - Answer-Produced the vaccine for smallpox
Ignaz Semmelweis: - Answer-Advocated for washing your hands from labor, said that
the statistics of at home birth successes are higher in comparison to labors in the
hospital.
Robert Koch: - Answer-connected disease to microbes: one microbe = one disease
John Snow: - Answer-First established epidemiologist, which is someone who finds the
source of a diseases and learns to contain it from the source.
Paul Ehrlich: - Answer-Advocate for chemotherapy, discovered cure for syphilis
Alexander Fleming: - Answer-Discovered antibiotics and penicillin
List and explain the impact of microbes on the environment (slide 4) - Answer-- Carbon
cycle: convert organic to inorganic and vice versa
,- Nitrogen cycle: most of the air we breathe is nitrogen, microbes convert it to ammonia
so humans can intake the air
- Biodiversity and abundance, considered first living creatures on earth
-Regulate temperature by regulating the balance of CH4 and CO2 in the environment
5. Define cell, microbe, and list hallmarks of cell. What is the status of Prions, virions,
and viruses? - Answer-- Cell: Unit of life and made up of molecules, prokaryotes and
eukaryotes
- Microbe: used for bioremediation, bioreceptors entities that can not be seen with a
naked eye
- Hallmarks of cell: every cell must be able to reproduce, have a source of energy,
control flow of things in and outside of the cell, have a cell membrane, genetic material
made from DNA
- Prions: acellular causes animals and human diseases and is infections protein
- Virions: acellular made of RNA, infectious agent, plant pathogens, infectious DNA
-Viruses: both protein and nucleic acid, can have either RNA or DNA
6. List effects of microbes on ecosystem. List extreme conditions at which microbes can
thrive - Answer-- N2 gas into NH4 organic nitrogen
- Involved in Nitrogen, Carbon, Oxygen, and Sulfur Cycle
-Archaea can live in extreme conditions such as temperature, salinity and pH
7. Where in human body bacteria may be found? - Answer-- Skin, mouth, intestines,
and colonize the body after birth
8. Which kingdoms and domains are prokaryotes and which ones are eukaryotes?
Viruses? - Answer-Kingdoms:
Plants (Eukaryotes)
Animals (Eukaryotes)
Fungi (Eukaryotes)
Protozoans (Eukaryotes)
Monera (Prokaryotes)
, List membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes. - Answer-
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ribosomes)
Golgi apparatus
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Lysosomes (animals)
Compare the three domains of microorganism based on: a. Presence of and makeup of
cell wall, b. Presence of organelles, c. Chromosome structure and organization -
Answer-a. Bacteria may have a cell wall made up of peptidoglycan (murein)
Archaea have pseudopeptidoglycan
Some eukaryotes have cell walls made of cellulose or chitin
b. Bacteria and archaea have no membrane organelle, while eukaryotes do
c. Bacteria have a nucleoid region and singular circular chromosomes
Archaea have singular circular chromosomes
Eukaryotes have a nucleus and multiple linear chromosomes (double stranded DNA)
10. List the six major bio elements. List the ones present in each of the four polymers. -
Answer-- Carbon (all polymers)
- Hydrogen (all polymers)
- Sulfur (proteins)
- Phosphorous (nucleic acids)
- Nitrogen (proteins and nucleic acids)
- Oxygen (most)
The ones present: carbons, hydrogens, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur
11. List and define major chemical bonds used to connect biological molecules -
Answer-Ionic bonds
Covalent bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Hydrophobic interactions
Van der Waals force
12. Explain the role of water in biological activities. Define water activity aw, osmosis,
osmolarity, and osmotolerant. What is the significance of Hydrogen bonds in water
activities, in structure and function of proteins and nucleic acids Define halophiles?
What strategy do they use to survive in the presence of high salt concentration? -
Answer-Halophiles love water / Hydrophobic stabilizes the molecule to conform don't
mix with water
Wherever you find liquid water that is where life can perform because water facilitates
the reaction of molecules
Water is polar and capable of making hydrogen bonds making it an excellent solvent
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