The OB Maternity Nursing 101 cheat sheet covers essential concepts in obstetrics, including stages of labor, common complications, fetal monitoring, postpartum care, and newborn assessments. It's a quick reference for nursing students or professionals in maternity care.
> LMP: last menstrual period
> LNMP: last normal menstrual period
> Gestation: # of wks from woman's last menstrual cycle to the current date. Normal gestation is 37-42 wks.
> Gravidity: # of pregnancies, previous & current, regardless of outcome (miscarriage, abortion, stillborn, alive)
> Abortion: spontaneous (miscarriage) or induced (medical intervention) before 20 wk gestation
> Parity: # of completed pregnancies/births that reached viability (> 20 wk gestation) regardless of outcome
(stillborn or alive)
> Living children: # of children alive today (does NOT include live births)
> Live births: # of children who survived birth, but may have died anytime later
> Term: babies born at normal 37-42 wk gestation regardless of outcome (stillborn or alive)
> Preterm: birth of infant at 20-37 wks gestation regardless of outcome (stillborn or alive)
> Post-term: birth of infant greater than 42 wks gestation regardless of outcome (stillborn or alive)
> Puerperium: time between delivery and 42 days after delivery
> Trimesters: First: week 1-12 Second: week 13-28 Third: week 29-delivery
PREGNANCY HISTORY & OUTCOMES
Parity
parity - number of births that have reached ≥20 weeks
Gravidity
(not number of fetuses) regardless of the outcome
gravida – a pregnant woman (live birth, stillbirth, abortion) twins/triplets count as 1
gravidity – number of pregnancies regardless of outcome nullipara – a woman who has not
nulligravida – a woman who has never been pregnant had a birth ≥20 weeks gestation
primigravida – a woman pregnant for the first time primipara – a woman who has
multigravida – a woman pregnant for at least the second time had 1 birth >20 weeks gestation
multipara – a woman who has
had 2 or more births >20 weeks resulting in viable births
5-Digit System
GTPAL Multiples count as 1 for gravidity, term, preterm, & abortions
Multiples actual number recorded for living children
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, PREGNANCY
OB MATERNITY HISTORY & OUTCOMES
GRAVIDITY number of pregnancies, current pregnancy included
TERM BIRTHS number born after 37 weeks (38 – 42)
PRE-TERM BIRTHS number born before 37 weeks
ABORTIONS / number of pregnancies ending before 20 weeks
MISCARRIAGES
LIVING CHILDREN number of current living children
GTPAL Calculation Example
Imagine a patient who has had 2 term deliveries, 1 preterm delivery,
7 miscarriages, and has 2 living children.
G = 10 (the patient's combined 2 term birth + 1 preterm birth + 7 miscarriages )
T = 2 (the patient's 2 term births)
P = 1 (the patient's 1 preterm births)
A = 7 (the patient's 7 miscarriages)
L = 2 (the patient's 2 living children)
To further clarify what GTPAL means and doesn't mean, notice that the patient
had a total of 3 births, but only has 2 living children. This patient lost their child at some point,
and based on the available data, the child may have died in infancy or died at age 20—we don't know.
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