The Cardiovascular System & its Control
Major Functions Delivers O2, nutrients
Removes CO2, other waste
Transports hormones, other molecules
Temperature balance and fluid regulation
Acid-base balance
Immune function
3 major circulatory elements . A pump (heart)
2. Channels or tubes ...
-Lungs pulmonary veins LA mitral valve LV aortic valve aorta
Myocardium ✅Myocardium: cardiac muscle
LV has most myocardium
-Must pump blood to entire body
-Thickest walls (hypertrophy)
-LV hypertrophies with exercise and with disease
-But exercise adaptations versus disease adaptations very different
Myocardium ✅Only one fiber type (similar to type I)
-High capillary density
-High number of mitochondria
-Striated
Cardiac muscle fibers connected by intercalated discs
-Desmosomes: hold cells together
-Gap junctions: rapidly conduct action potentials
Myocardium Versus Skeletal Muscle ✅Skeletal muscle cells
Large, long, unbranched, multinucleated
Intermittent, voluntary contractions
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