A Level PE (AQA) - The Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular System The body's transport system, which includes the heart and the blood vessels
Septum The muscular wall, dividing the heart into 2
Atria The smaller chamber of the heart, which has thinner muscular walls
Ventricles The larger c...
Cardiovascular System ✅The body's transport system, which includes the heart and the blood vessels
Septum ✅The muscular wall, dividing the heart into 2
Atria ✅The smaller chamber of the heart, which has thinner muscular walls
Ventricles ✅The larger chamber of the heart, with thicker muscular walls
Vena Cava ✅Brings deoxygenated blood back to the Right Atrium
Pulmonary Vein ✅Beings oxygenated blood to the Left Atrium. Only vein to carry oxygenated blood
Pulmonary Artery ✅Exits the Right Ventricle with deoxygenated blood, to go to the lungs. Only artery to
carry deoxygenated blood
Aorta ✅Exits the Left Ventricle with oxygenated blood, to go to the body
Valves ✅Regulate blood flow by ensuring that it moves in one direction. They open to allow blood to
pass through, and then close to prevent back flow
Tricuspid Valve ✅Between the Right Atrium and the Right Ventricle
Bicuspid Valve ✅Between the Left Atrium and the Left Ventricle
Semi-Lunar Valve ✅Between the Right and Left Ventricle and the Pulmonary Artery and Aorta
, Cardiac Conduction System ✅How a heart beats
Movement of blood ✅IN through Atria and OUT through Ventricles
Myogenic ✅The capacity of the heart to generate its own impulses
Systole ✅When the heart contracts
CCS Order ✅SAN - Atrial Systole - AVN - Bundle of His - Purkinje Fibres - Ventricular Systole
Neural Control Mechanism ✅Involves sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
Nervous System ✅Consists of the CNS and the Peripheral Nervous System that are both controlled by
the Cardiac Control Centre
CNS ✅One part of the Nervous System that consists of the Brain and Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System ✅One part of the Nervous System that consists of the nerve cells to transmit
information to and from the CNS
Cardiac Control Centre ✅Found in the Medulla Oblongata in the brain and controls the Nervous System.
It is stimulated by Chemoreceptors, Baroreceptors and Proprioceptors
Chemoreceptors ✅Located in the Carotid Arteries and sense chemical changes as they detect and
increase in Carbon Dioxide during exercise. It stimluates the Sympathetic Nervous System. An increase in
Carbon Dioxide means an increase in Heart Rate
Baroreceptors ✅Contain nerve endings, that respond to the stretching of the arterial wall, which is
caused by the changes in blood pressure. An increase in Blood Pressure means a decrease in Heart Rate
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