PNB 2274 Final Exam Review Questions And Answers 100% Verified.
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Course
PNB 2274
Institution
PNB 2274
PNB 2274 Final Exam Review Questions And Answers 100% Verified.
anatomy - correct answer. how does it look?
physiology - correct answer. what does it do?
gross anatomy - correct answer. structures you can see with the naked eye
microscopic anatomy - correct answer....
homeostasis - correct answer. the tendency of an organism to maintain a stable
internal environment, though the external environment changes
reflex control - correct answer. long distance control of homeostasis, using either
neural or hormonal signals
local control - correct answer. control of homeostasis at a cellular level, isolated
changes in a few cells or a tissue (i.e. environment of the cell, fluid level, etc)
input, controller, output - correct answer. 3 major components of homeostatic
mechanism
input - correct answer. the signal of the homeostatic mechanism; something is
changing and needs to be adjusted; stimulus detected by a sensor
controller - correct answer. aka integrating center, makes a decision about what to do
about the stimulus, often the CNS
output - correct answer. in homeostatic mechanism, this signal is how the correction is
made. Needs a target or effector
set point - correct answer. in homeostatic mechanisms, this range determines what is
within healthy boundaries. A high enough error will result in an output. Can be modified
(i.e. fever to combat infection)
negative feedback - correct answer. feedback loops that works to return the state of
the organism back to the set point. Maintains homeostasis by counteracting disruption.
Self terminating
Positive feedback - correct answer. feedback loops that amplify the stimulus, output is
fed back into the system to increase output. These do not shut themselves off, require
outside factors
, positive feedback - correct answer. Hormone control during childbirth, lactation, and
blood clotting are examples of this type of feedback
negative feedback - correct answer. glucose levels, heart rate, etc. are examples of
this type of feedback
phospholipid bilayer - correct answer. composed of hydrophobic tails and heads; fluid
mosaic; forms the plasma membrane. Serves as a physical barrier, gateway for
exchange, communication, and attachment site
passive transport - correct answer. transport that requires no extra energy; movement
occurs randomly from areas of high concentration to low concentration
active transport - correct answer. transport that requires energy typically in the form of
ATP; molecules are moved from areas of low concentration to high concentration,
AGAINST concentration gradient
simple diffusion - correct answer. random motion of molecules in solution that results
in spread of molecules from areas of high concentration to low concentration. Net
movement until the concentrations are equal. Can occur in open system or across
partition (plasma membrane)
flux - correct answer. how much does a concentration drop over a distance; overall
flow
Fick's Law - correct answer. describes the movement of molecules in 1 dimension.
The overall flow is the negative of the product of the diffusion coefficient and
concentration gradient
Temperature, friction, area, membrane permeability, membrane thickness,
concentration gradient - correct answer. factors that affect the rate of diffusion
increased - correct answer. increased temperature results in ____________ rate of
diffusion
decreased - correct answer. increased friction results in ___________ rate of diffusion
increased - correct answer. steep concentration gradient results in ___________ rate
of diffusion
(2Dt)^1/2 - correct answer. root mean squared distance in 1 dimension
(4Dt)^1/2 - correct answer. root mean squared distance in 2 dimensions
(6Dt)^1/2 - correct answer. root mean squared distance in 3 dimensions
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