DREXEL NURS 221 PATHO EXAM 3
NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM 2025
STUDYGUIDE QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED ANSWERS | A+GRADE
Hiatal Hernia Correct Answer Chronic Gastritis
Defect in diaphragm when a portion of the stomach
passes through the diaphragmatic opening into the thorax
Risk increases with age
Women more than men
Can be life threatening if large portion of stomach
becomes caught above diaphragm and becomes
incarcerated
Signs and symptoms
-Similar to GERD
-Heartburn
-Chest pain
-Dysphagia
IBS
(Irritable Bowel Syndrome) Correct Answer -Chronic &
Recurrent intestinal symptoms not explained by structural
or biochemical abnormalities
,-Characterized by abdominal pain, altered bowel function,
flatulence, bloating, nausea & anorexia, anxiety or
depression
-Hallmark Sign: abdominal pain relieved by defecation &
associated with a change in consistency or frequency of
stools
-Possible Cause: dysregulation of intestinal motor &
sensory function modulated by the CNS
Crohn Disease Correct Answer -Recurrent
"granulomatous" type of inflammatory response
-Can affect any area of GI tract - Primarily ileum,
secondarily Colon
-20 - 30 yo age group, males and females equal
-Characteristic Histology
-well demarcated, granulomatous lesion surrounded by
normal appearing mucosal tissue
-"Skip lesions" - multiple lesions interspersed b/w normal
segments of bowel
-"Cobblestone" appearance
-Eventually bowel wall becomes thick and inflexible
Skip Lesions Correct Answer multiple lesions interspersed
b/w normal segments of bowel
Crohn Disease
Ulcerative Colitis Correct Answer -20 - 25 age group
-Confined to rectum & colon (usually begins in the rectum
and spreads proximally). Usually mucosal layer
-Inflammation tends to be continuous (instead of skipping)
, -Characteristic lesion
forms in base layer of mucosa in
-"Crypts of lieberkuhn" -> inflammation often leads to ->
pinpoint mucosal hemorrhage -> possible abscess
formation
-"Pseudopolyps" - tongue-like projections secondary to
the inflammatory process. These projections resemble
polyps
Pseudopolyps Correct Answer Tongue-like projections 20
to the inflammatory process. These projections resemble
polyps
Ulcerative Colitis
Clostridium difficile Colitis Correct Answer -"Antibiotic-
associated colitis"
-Usually occurs following a course of broad spectrum
antibiotic therapy -> diminishes normal flora of colon ->
colonization by C. difficile via fecal oral route
-Usually acquired in hospital
-C. difficile - gram (+) spore forming bacillus
-Spores resistant to acid environment of stomach ->
convert to vegetative forms
-Toxins bind to intestinal mucosa -> hemorrhage,
inflammation, necrosis
-Symptoms begin 1-2 weeks after Abx treatment
Necrotizing Enterocolitis
(NEC) Correct Answer Occurs in premature infants (<34
wk) and infants with low birth weight (<5 lb)
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