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NTR 419 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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NTR 419 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS
Define "essential nutrients" - ANSWER Nutrients that are necessary for
life but we cant make enough of them so we have to get them
exogenously.
What are all the macronutrients? - ANSWER 1.)Water
2.)Protein
3.) Carbs
4.) Lipids
5.) Sterols
Why is water important and what are some ways you can lose water? -
ANSWER Important because you can suffer from dehydration
Acute loss: exercise, vomiting, diarrhea, dieresis
Chronic loss: inadequate intake, decrease thirst sensistivity
What is protein status and why is it important? - ANSWER The amount
of protein in the body and is important as a predictor of morbidity and
mortality.
What is the golden standard amount of protein that should be in the
body? - ANSWER No golden standard but serum albumin levels are
most often used as a marker for protein status.
What can happen if someone has low serum albumin status? -
ANSWER 1.) primary cause of morbidity and mortality because of low
immune function
2.) secondary to something else; therefore is a marker
Define "conditionally essential" - ANSWER Non-essential that becomes
essential due to some condition
Define non-dietary amino acids . - ANSWER Produced during amino
acid metabolism
, What are some simple sugar monosaccharide carbohydrates? -
ANSWER 1.) Glucose
2.)Fructose
3.) Galactose
What are some simple sugar disaccharide carbohydrates? - ANSWER
1.) Lactose
2.) maltose
3.) Sucrose
Which carbohydrate is the most abundant monosaccharide? - ANSWER
Glucose
What are some functions of glucose? - ANSWER 1.) primary fuel for the
brain and CNS
2.) becomes primary fuel during acute stress
(all of which affects protein status)
What can happen if someone has excess dietary glucose? - ANSWER
1.) Converted to glycogen: in the liver and sent to muscles for storage.
Some stored in the liver
2.) Converted to fat: in the liver and goes to adipose tissue for storage.
What is the fate of fructose in the body? - ANSWER 1.) can be
metabolized by some cells for energy
(must be converted to glucose or fat in the liver; concerns for high
fructose corn syrup)
Where is galactose found and what is its fate in the body? - ANSWER
Found almost excusively in mammalian milk as part of lactose
1.) Converted to glucose
2.) Can be a part of glycoproteins on cell surface that have signaling
functions
At rest, what is the primary energy source? - ANSWER Fatty acids
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