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PCB 3233 exam 1(questions with complete solutions graded A+ $17.99   Add to cart

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PCB 3233 exam 1(questions with complete solutions graded A+

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PCB 3233 exam 1(questions with complete solutions graded A+

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  • October 9, 2024
  • 19
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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PCB 3233 exam 1

Order: Transcription, Replication, Translation - correct answer ✔✔Replication, Transcription, Translation



Immunology - correct answer ✔✔study of physiological mechanisms that are used to defend the body
from the body from invasion by foreign or infectious diseases



2 branches of Immunology - correct answer ✔✔1. Innate 2. Adaptive (overlap)



Innate Immune System - correct answer ✔✔fixed defenses, bares onto pathogen immediately to within
hours to 1-2 days, quick, use different receptors to recognize pathogens, specificity for microbes



Adaptive Immune System - correct answer ✔✔flexible but specific, bares onto pathogen about 7 days
later, slower, uses one types of od receptor to recognize many pathogens, highly specific for antigens



Which is more "powerful" innate or adaptive - correct answer ✔✔adaptive, memory can recognized up
to 10^16 different invaders, make antibodies that can recognize



Microbes - correct answer ✔✔they are EVERYWHERE, not always harmful some provide benefits (ex.
e.coli in intestines) some cause disease (ex. pathogen), survive plant/animals, release digestive enzymes,



Extracellular microbes - correct answer ✔✔grow on living tissues where they are bathed in nutrients



Intracellular microbes - correct answer ✔✔infect animal/ human cells utilizing host cell sources



Gram negative bacteria - correct answer ✔✔we have receptors bind to outer member that contains LPS,
staining is pink



3 types of gram negative bacteria - correct answer ✔✔e. coli, salmonella, pseudomonas

,Gram positive bacteria - correct answer ✔✔we have recptors bind to teichoic acids, staining is purple



4 types of gram positive bacteria - correct answer ✔✔bacillus, streptococcus, staphylococcus,
micrococcus



2 types of Viruses - correct answer ✔✔HIV, influenza



Which are larger bacteria or viruses? - correct answer ✔✔Bacteria



Influeza - correct answer ✔✔constantly changing don't have protection for life



Vaccination - correct answer ✔✔basis of memory, show your immune system the antigens of a virus



Protective Immunity - correct answer ✔✔people who survive a specific infection become immune to it,
immune system must first engage the microorganism



7 days - correct answer ✔✔lag time between infection and protection



Attenuated/ killed infectious agent - correct answer ✔✔disease is prevented by prior exposure to



Thucydides, 430 BC - correct answer ✔✔recognized that only those who had recovered from the plague
could nurse the sick with becoming sick again



Chinese and Turks, 1500s - correct answer ✔✔used dried crusts from smallpox pustules to induce
immunity



Jenner, 1796 - correct answer ✔✔realized milkmaids who contracted cowpox were not susceptible to
smallpox, theorized cowpox pustule would induce immunity to smallpox, tested on 8 year old boy,
injected fluid cowpox then smallpox, didn't contract smallpox, called vaccination, provides long term
protection against real pathogen with little risk of becoming sick

, Pathogens - correct answer ✔✔any organism with potential to cause disease



Ex. of pathogens - correct answer ✔✔influenza and typhoid bascillus



Opportunistic pathogens - correct answer ✔✔cause disease if the body's defense are are weakened or
its get into a part of the body it isnt normally found



ex. opportunistic pathogen - correct answer ✔✔e coli fine when in GI tract however bad if it gets in the
blood stream



Replication times... - correct answer ✔✔favor the pathogen



4 types of pathogens (smallest to largest) - correct answer ✔✔1. viruses

2. bacteria

3. fungi

4. parasites



ex. of each/ what they cause

1. viruses

2. bacteria

3. fungi

4. parasites - correct answer ✔✔1. HIV... AIDS

2. mycobacterium tuberculosis... tuberculosis

3. candida albicans... thrush (normal inhabitant of body)

4. trypanosoma brucei... sleeping sickness



True or false, antibiotic know the difference of good and bad bacteria - correct answer ✔✔false, there is
no specificity for the pathogen so large amount of bacteria (+/-) is killed

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