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Exam (elaborations)

HDFS Exam 3 questions with complete solutions

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HDFS Exam 3 questions with complete solutions

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  • October 9, 2024
  • 31
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • HDFS
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BravelRadon
HDFS Exam 3

Body Growth in Middle Childhood - correct answer ✔✔-slow, regular pace

-girls shorter and lighter until about age 9, when trend reverses

-lower portion of body grows fastest

-bones lengthen, broaden

-muscles very flexible

-all permanent teeth appear



Height Worldwide - correct answer ✔✔-shortest children: South America, Asia, Pacific Islands, Africa

-tallest children: North and Central Europe, Australia, Canada, United States



Trends in Physical Growth - correct answer ✔✔from one generation to next, trend in industrialized
countries toward larger & heavier children

-Appears early in life

-Increases over childhood; early adolescence

-Declines as mature body size reached



mostly due to improved health & nutrition



gains in height have stabilized, but weight continues to increase



Brain Development in Middle Childhood - correct answer ✔✔weight of the brain increases by 10%, with
considerable growth in white and gray matter

-synaptic connections and myelination combine with synaptic pruning, resulting in greater lateralization
of cerebral hemispheres



-children acquire complex abilities

-neurotransmitters and hormones may affect cognition and behavior.

,Common Health Problems in Middle Childhood - correct answer ✔✔Vision - Myopia: nearsightedness,
most common vision problem



Hearing - Otitis media (middle ear infection) common, but if repeated may cause hearing loss



Malnutrition



Obesity



Bedwetting: nocturnal enuresis 1/10 children. Biological, can use medication or urine alarm



Illnesses; first two years of school, exposure, developing immune system. Chronic diseases 5-20%:
asthma and sever illnesses 2%



Injuries: motor vehicle, bicycle, pedestrian



Health Education for School-Age Children - correct answer ✔✔-children's understanding of the biological
processes underlying health and illness increases with age

-school age is especially important for fostering healthy lifestyles



-school age children combine biological explanations with cultural ideas: ex: negative attributions with
aids



Nutrition in Middle Childhood - correct answer ✔✔Causes of poor nutrition:

- Little focus on eating

- Fewer meals with family

- Too few fruits and vegetables

- Too many fried foods and soft drinks

- Poverty and lack of nutritional food

,Children report they feel better and focus better after eating healthy foods.



Lingering malnutrition can lead to permanent physical and mental damage



Obesity - correct answer ✔✔32% of US children overweight, 17% obese



-dramatic rise in overweight and obesity has occurred in many Western nations

-obesity rates are also rapidly increasing in developing nations



-rises with age from 21% of preschoolers to 35% among older students



-causes: overweight parents, low SES, parents' feeding practices, low physical activity/TV, cultural food
environment



Nutrition Problems in Middle Childhood - correct answer ✔✔-Little focus on eating

-Fewer meals with family

-Too few fruits and vegetables

-Too many fried foods and soft drinks

-Poverty and lack of nutritional food



Motor Development in Middle Chidlhood - correct answer ✔✔-gross motor skill improvements:
flexibility, balance, agility, force

-fine motor skill gains: writing, drawing



-individual differences: body build, sex, family encouragement, SES, school and community lessons
available



Physical Play in Middle Childhood - correct answer ✔✔-child-organized games with rules

-sports

, -invented games

-video games

-adult-organized sports

-physical education



Providing Developmentally Appropriate Sports - correct answer ✔✔-build on children's interests:
emphasize enjoyment, let kids contribute

-teach age-appropriate skills: limit practices

-discourage unhealthy competition: focus on personal and team improvement



Cons to Organized Activites - correct answer ✔✔lose out on:



-practice negotiation and cooperation

-practice turn taking

-practice communicating your own ideas and preferences

-practice leading and following

-practice memory for rules and abilities of others

-practice perspective taking

-practice teaching and learning skills from peers

-practice listening



Rough and Tumble Play - correct answer ✔✔friendly chasing and play fighting

-emerges in preschool years and peaks in middle childhood

-common in many mammals and across cultures

-more common among boys

-may help establish dominance hierarchy



Recess - correct answer ✔✔-7% of US schools no longer provide recess

-50% have recess once a day

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