,1. Multiple Choice: Which neurotransmitter is most
commonly associated with the pathophysiology of
depression?
a) Dopamine
b) Serotonin
c) GABA
d) Acetylcholine
Answer: b) Serotonin
Rationale: Serotonin is widely recognized for its role in
mood regulation and is often implicated in the
pathophysiology of depression.
2. Fill-in-the-Blank: The __________ model suggests that
psychopathology is the result of the interaction between
genetic predispositions and environmental factors.
Answer: Diathesis-stress
Rationale: The diathesis-stress model posits that
psychopathology arises from the interaction of a
predispositional vulnerability and stressful life events.
3. True/False: Schizophrenia is solely a genetic disorder.
Answer: False
Rationale: While genetics play a significant role in the risk
for schizophrenia, environmental factors and individual
experiences also contribute to its development.
, c) Flat affect
d) Avolition
Answers: a) Delusions, b) Hallucinations
Rationale: Positive symptoms add to the person's
behavior and include delusions and hallucinations, while flat
affect and avolition are considered negative symptoms.
5. Multiple Choice: In the context of bipolar disorder, what
does the term 'rapid cycling' refer to?
a) Quick changes in mood within a single day
b) The occurrence of four or more mood episodes in a
year
c) The alternation between manic and depressive states
during an episode
d) A fast response to lithium treatment
Answer: b) The occurrence of four or more mood
episodes in a year
Rationale: Rapid cycling in bipolar disorder is defined as
the occurrence of four or more manic, hypomanic, or
depressive episodes in any 12-month period.
6. Fill-in-the-Blank: The cognitive distortion of __________
involves viewing a situation in only two categories instead of
on a continuum.
Answer: Dichotomous thinking
Rationale: Dichotomous thinking, also known as black-
and-white thinking, is a cognitive distortion where situations
are viewed in extreme, either-or terms.
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