Final PSY 3302 || Questions and 100% Verified Answers.
Modern Classroom Diversity correct answers -2010, 13% people living in U.S. born in another
country
-20% speak a language other than English
- 2050, there will be no majority race/ethnic group in U.S.
-22% American children live in poverty
-2009/2010 school year, 60% school-age students with disabilities received most of their
education in general classroom.
-Percentage of White teachers increasing and Black teachers falling.
Technological Advances correct answers
What is good teaching? correct answers Good teachers are committed to their students and deal
with:
-different languages
-different home situations
-different abilities and disabilities
Teacher adapts to to instruction and assessment to the student's need.
Take care of emotional needs, propping self-esteem, encouraging responsibility. Plan and teach
basic procedures for living and learning in their classes.
Inclusive Classrooms correct answers An inclusive classroom is a general education classroom in
which students with and without disabilities learn together. It is essentially the opposite of a
special education classroom, where students with disabilities learn with only other students with
disabilities.
Models of good teaching? correct answers -Framework for Teaching, Charlotte Danielson -
Identifies 22 components (knowledge/skills) in four domains of teacher responsibilities that
promote learning
1. Planning and preparation responsibilities
2. Classroom environment responsibilities
3. Instruction responsibilities
4. Professional responsibilities
-TeachingWorks national project at Univ of Michigan - Identifies 19 high-leverage teaching
practices/actions
,Measures of effective teaching correct answers -(MET) Project: Measures of Effective Teaching,
Gates Foundation project:
- 3 measures:
Student gains on state tests, surveys of students' perceptions of teachers, classroom observations
What is point of Educational Psychology? correct answers • Viewed as a distinct discipline with
its own theories, research methods, problems, techniques
- Also applies methods and theories of
psychology
• Research focused on learning and teaching • Working to improve educational policy and
practice
• Research does not always support common sense practice
- Research shows diversity of opinions among teachers about what is sensible
- Strongly held beliefs often not supported by research
• Issue: Not what sounds sensible, but what is demonstrated (by research) to be effective
Research based strategies correct answers Sandra Graham (1996) found that when teachers
provide help before students ask, the students and others watching are more likely to conclude
that the helped student does have the ability to succeed. The student is more likely to attribute
failures to lack of ability instead of lack of effort, so motivation suffers.
Skipping grades correct answers NO! Very intelligent students who are several years younger
than their classmates are likely to be social misfits. They are neither physically nor emotionally
ready for with parents, and getting along with other teachers.
Student autonomy correct answers "Autonomy is a situation in which the learner is totally
responsible for all the decisions concerned with his [or her] learning and the implementation of
those decisions." "Autonomy is a recognition of the rights of learners within educational
systems."
Correlations studies correct answers Often, the results of descriptive studies include reports of
correlations.
-A number that indicates both the strength and the direction of a relationship between two events
or measurements. Range from 1.00 or -1.00, the stronger the relationship.
e.g. the correlation between weight and height is about .70 (stronger relationship); the correlation
between weight and number of languages spoken is about .00 (no relationship at all).
Experimental studies correct answers Second type of research
,-Allows educational psychologists to go beyond predictions and actually study cause and effect.
Instead of just observing and describing an existing situation, the investigators introduce changes
and note the results.
Observational research correct answers Observational research (or field research) is a type of
correlational (i.e., non-experimental) research in which a researcher observes ongoing behavior.
There are a variety of types of observational research, each of which has both strengths and
weaknesses.
Teachers as research correct answers • Action research: Systematic observations, tests, methods
conducted by teachers to improve teaching/learning
• Use same kinds of observation, intervention, data gathering, analysis as large research projects
• Examples of problem-solving investigations focused on a specific teaching or learning problem
- Which writing prompts encourage the most creative writing in my class?
- Would assigning task roles in science groups lead to more equitable participation of girls/boys?
• Reported in journals such as Theory Into Practice
Nature vs Nurture correct answers -Nature: heredity, genes, biological processes, maturation
-Nurture: environment contexts, education, parenting, culture, social policies
Continuity vs Discontinuity correct answers -Continuous (quantitative) change like walking up a
ramp to go higher and higher: Progress is steady.
-Discontinuous (qualitative) walking up the stairs: there are level periods, and then you ascend
the next step all at once.
Emotions, learning, and the Brain correct answers Learning will be more effective "if educators
help minimize stress and fear at school, teach students emotional regulations strategies, and
provide a positive learning environment that is motivating to students"
Piaget: Adaptation correct answers Adaptation: Adjustment to the environment
- Assimilation: Fit new information into existing schemes
- Accommodation: Alter existing schemes or create new ones in response to new information
Piaget: Equilibration correct answers Equilibration: Act of searching for mental balance between
cognitive schemes and information from environment
Piaget: Stages of Development correct answers • Sensorimotor: Age 0 to 2 years
- Act on the environment, learn object permanence
- Learn through reflexes, senses, movement
, • Preoperational: Around age 2 to 7 years
- Develop language, think logically in one direction
• Concrete operational: Around age 6 or 7 to 11 years - Organizes into categories, series; can
reverse operations
• Formal operational: Adolescence to adulthood
- Think hypothetically, deductively, abstractly
- Consider multiple perspectives
The Sensorimotor Stage: Infancy correct answers • Thinking involves seeing, hearing, moving,
touch, taste
• Operations are carried out physically
• Develop object permanence
- Objects have a separate, permanent existence
- Beginning to construct mental representations
• Goal-directed actions: Deliberate actions toward a goal - Able to develop scheme for container
with lid and toys inside—remove lid, reach toys
The Preoperational Stage: Early childhood to the Early Elementary Years correct answers • Stage
before child masters logical mental operations
• Ability to see actions carried out and reversed mentally
• Semiotic function: Use of symbols (language, pictures, gestures, signs) to represent
actions/objects mentally
- Use language to represent objects, actions • Egocentric: Assume others experience the world
the way you do (your viewpoint is also their viewpoint)
• Difficulty decentering and focusing on more than one aspect of a situation or object at a time
• Difficulty thinking backwards or using reversible thinking
• Difficulty understanding conservation principle: Object's characteristics remain same despite
changes in appearance
Preoperational Stage correct answers • Encourage families to use concrete props, visual aids
• Make instructions short, few steps. Use action words
- Model processes, then ask child to try
• Help children see world from another's point of view
- Think how other child feels, how they should be treated
