what are the three specific guidelines for healthy eating? - CORRECT ANSWERS- nutritious foods are the foundation
- processed / prepared foods should not be consumed regularly
- foods skills (food literacy) is needed
what is the nutritional requirement for an infant <6 months? - CORRECT ANS...
what are the three specific guidelines for healthy eating? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
nutritious foods are the foundation
- processed / prepared foods should not be consumed regularly
- foods skills (food literacy) is needed
what is the nutritional requirement for an infant <6 months? - CORRECT
ANSWERSbreastmilk & formula
what is the nutritional requirement for an infant >6 months? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
introduction to solid foods
- begin with pureed smoothed foods
- detect & control allergic reactions
what is the nutritional requirement for a toddler (1-3)? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
increased protein & calcium
what is the nutritional requirement for a preschooler (3-5)? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
nutrient density more important than quantity
what is the nutritional requirement for a school-aged child (6-12)? - CORRECT
ANSWERS- concerns about obesity
- diets tend to be high in fat, sugar, salt & low in produce
what is the nutritional requirement for an adolescent? - CORRECT ANSWERS- need to
meet metabolic demands for growth
- diet influenced by many factors; onset of eating disorders
what is the nutritional requirement for an adult (young to middle-aged)? - CORRECT
ANSWERS- nutrients reduced as the growth period ends
- now food is required for energy, maintenance & repair
- possibility of obesity
what is the nutritional requirement for a pregnant woman? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
nutrition more important than weight gain
- influences birth weight & chance of infant survival
- omega-3 fats, folic acid, calcium important
what is the nutritional requirement for a woman who is lactating? - CORRECT
ANSWERS- increased caloric intake required
- should avoid caffeine, alcohol, drugs
, NSE 111 Final Exam
what is the nutritional requirement for an older adult? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
metabolic rate slows
- calcium/vitamin D crucial (bone health)
what factors may influence nutritional intake? - CORRECT ANSWERS- food
security/income
- health status (therapeutic diets?)
- knowledge
- culture
- social determinants
what is the purpose of a dietary history? - CORRECT ANSWERSto collect information
about food consumption patterns & nutritional needs
what are the nine components of a dietary history assessment? - CORRECT
ANSWERS- food practices
- allergies
- symptoms
- 24 hour recall
- chewing & swallowing
- hunger (appetite & satiety)
- elimination patterns
- chemical substances
- knowledge
how do you promote appetite in a hospitalized client? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
normalize the setting/experience
- maintaining patient comfort
- eliminating unpleasant odours
how do you maintain patient comfort during a meal? - CORRECT ANSWERS- reduce
distractions
- keep table settings simple
- allow plenty of time to eat
- food temperature, preferences
what are two examples of alternative food patterns? - CORRECT ANSWERSreligion,
vegetarian
what are the ten therapeutic diets:? - CORRECT ANSWERSclear liquid
thickened liquid
, NSE 111 Final Exam
full liquid
pureed
mechanical soft
soft or low residue
high fibre
low cholesterol
low sodium
diabetic
what is a mechanical soft diet? - CORRECT ANSWERSsemi-solid foods that are easily
digested
what is a low residue/soft diet? - CORRECT ANSWERSlow fiber, easily digested
what is a pureed diet? - CORRECT ANSWERSblended; semi-solid consistencies and
liquid
What is a clear liquid diet? - CORRECT ANSWERSanything clear or see through
what is dysphasia? - CORRECT ANSWERSdifficulty swallowing
what are some warning signs of dysphagia? - CORRECT ANSWERS- coughing during -
eating
- change in voice
- abnormal movements
- change in speech
- delayed swallowing
- pocketing of food
what are prevention measures for dysphagia? - CORRECT ANSWERS- thickeners
- small amounts of food on unaffected side of mouth
- observation
- suction airway
- don't rush feeding
- inspect for food pocketing
- patient sits upright 30 mins after meal
what are risk factors of dysphagia? - CORRECT ANSWERS- increased risk of
aspiration, pneumonia
- choking
- malnutrition
, NSE 111 Final Exam
how can you help a patient with vision deficits eat? - CORRECT ANSWERS- clock
method
- read aloud menu items
- ask if they would like assistance removing packaging from items
what should you do before feeding a patient? - CORRECT ANSWERS- assess for
aspiration risk
- ensure assistive devices are in place
- protect bedding / clothing with napkins
what is an incident report? - CORRECT ANSWERSconfidential document that
describes any patient accident while the person is on the premises of a health care
agency
what is the purpose of incident reports? - CORRECT ANSWERSallows organization to
identify trends of incidents & improve, promoting safety
what are the three categories of risks to client safety? - CORRECT ANSWERSfalls,
procedure-related accidents, equipment-related accidents
90% of all reported incidents in hospitals are: - CORRECT ANSWERSfalls
what are some risk factors for falling? - CORRECT ANSWERS- age
- previous history
- gait disturbance
- balance, mobility problems
- medications
- etc
what are some possible interventions to prevents falls? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
assess & communicate patient risks
- signage
- nurse toilet & comfort rounds
- involving patient & family
- etc
what are procedure-related accidents? examples? - CORRECT ANSWERS- occur
during therapy
- e.g. medication errors, improper application of external devices, improper performance
of procedures
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