Issues w Geoengineering correct answers DOESN'T ACTUALLY STOP FF USE
- we don't know what risks
- weather pattern changes
- acid rain
- could be bad if we stop abruptly
Discounting correct answers Money now worth more than money in the future
-Discount rate is the rate money loses value goi...
ENVS 333 Final || with 100% Errorless Solutions.
Issues w Geoengineering correct answers DOESN'T ACTUALLY STOP FF USE
- we don't know what risks
- weather pattern changes
- acid rain
- could be bad if we stop abruptly
Discounting correct answers Money now worth more than money in the future
-Discount rate is the rate money loses value going into future
Time and Growth Discounting correct answers Time discounting: money now worth more than
money later
Growth discounting: $1 worth more to poor person than wealthy
Greenhouse gases correct answers Gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, water
vapor, and ozone that absorb infrared photons and responsible for greenhouse effect
GtC vs. GtCO2 correct answers GtC is 10^9 tonnes of carbon
GtCO2 is 10^9 tonnes of carbon dioxide - 3.67x heavier
Composition of GHGs in atmosphere correct answers • Carbon Dioxide 0.042%• Methane ~ 1.87
ppm• Nitrous oxide ~ 0.32 ppm• ozone - changes in abundance across atmosphere• Halocarbons
~ few ppb
Top emissions by sector correct answers Energy is biggest, then agriculture, industrial processes,
waste, and land-use changes
SSP1 correct answers Sustainability - gradual but pervasive switch to env friendly path
More equality, less wealth gap, slow pop growth (peak mid-century), switch to renewables
SSP2 correct answers Middle of the Road - path where social, econ, and tech trends similar to
historical patterns
SSP3 correct answers Regional Rivalry - rich get richer, poor don't, leading to regional conflicts
More nationalism, pop growth low in dev nations, high in developing nations, resource-intensive
consumption, low tech development, leading to reliance on high-carbon fuels
SSP4 correct answers Inequality - world is divided, but more rapid dev of tech and deployment
of low-carbon tech
SSP5 correct answers Fossil fueled development - similar to SSP1 but powered by FFs
Emphasis on econ growth rather than sustainability
Forced v. Unforced Variability correct answers Forced: changes in Earth's climate in response to
an energy imbalance
Unforced: changes not due to an energy imbalance, caused by internal physics of climate system
climate sensitivity & how much things convert to correct answers The response of the climate
system to a given radiative forcing
- 2.12 GtC = 1 ppm increase in CO2
- 100 ppm = ~1 degree C rise
- 0.75 degrees C rise = 1 W/m^2 increase
- 1,000 GtCO2 = 0.3-0.6 degree C rise
How much have GHGs contributed to warming since 1750? correct answers +1.3℃ - quicker
rise since 1960 (0.02℃/year)
Discount rate meanings correct answers Larger discount rates mean that it makes more sense to
wait to pay costs of CC
What are Milankovitch cycles? How much do they contribute to CC? How long is the cycle?
correct answers 1. Eccentricity, obliquity (tilt) - 22.3-24.5 degrees, and precession (wobble)
2. +/-9℃
3. 100,000 years
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