CTEL - Additive Language Development || A Verified
CTEL - Additive Language Development || A Verified
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CTEL - Additive Language Development || A Verified A+ Pass.
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CTEL - Additive Language Development || A Verified
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CTEL - Additive Language Development || A Verified
behaviorist theory of first-language acquisition correct answers through a process of reinforcement. in response to a stimulus, child offers a spoken response (something they have heard) and then receive positive feedback. operant conditioning NOT classical conditioning
theory of the mind correc...
CTEL - Additive Language Development || A Verified A+
Pass.
behaviorist theory of first-language acquisition correct answers through a process of
reinforcement. in response to a stimulus, child offers a spoken response (something they have
heard) and then receive positive feedback. operant conditioning NOT classical conditioning
theory of the mind correct answers lacking in the behaviorist theory. reudcing the complexity of
language to input output. children can produce novel, often complex, utterances that they have
never heard that could not be acquired through imitation.
innate or universal grammar theory of first language acquisition correct answers noam chomsky.
humans are born with innate language abilities (grammatical categories etc).
language activation device correct answers hypothetical region of the brain devoted to language
acquisition and production (chomsky)
universal grammar theory correct answers all languages share certain properties, that children
who are exposed to common language will all converge in their competence, despite receiving
different input. children will learn linguistic forms for which there is no specific input. privileges
syntax over semantics, pragmatics and discourse.
cognitive constructionist model of first language acquisition correct answers jean piaget.
cognitive development occurs in universal identifiable stages. learning occurs when a child's
experiences challenge his or her current understanding of the world, driving the child to a new
more complex stage of cognitive/linguistic development. adaptation to one's environment.
piaget stages of complexity correct answers language learning does appear in stages of
complexity. all languages master functional morphemes in similar order. ccritics argue that there
is little merit in piaget's four stage model as the stages themselves can't be epirically identified.
undervalues influence of culture and social interaction on language development.
social constructivism theory of first language acquisition correct answers lev vygotsky.
importance of social interaction in language theory. children learn primarily from adults who
model patterns of language and also correct errors. zone of proximal development. gave lots of
attention to discourse or actual language use! critics say not all cultures prioritize interaction
between children and adults yet those children still learn language.
zone of proximal decelopment correct answers vygotsky, how learning occurs. children learn
best when presented with tasks that they can accomplish with the help of others but not alone.
jerome bruner vs piaget and noam chomsky correct answers discovery learning theory and
inquiry based. bruner is a constructivist like brunner but argues the stages are continuous not
discrete and says that language causes cognitive development not visa versa!
, discovery learning theory correct answers students learn best when they construct their own
knowledge through inquiry, investigation, and problem solving rather than when a teacher or
parent tells them waht they are expected to know. inquiry based activities.
critical period hypothesis correct answers there is an optimal age for learning and the ease with
which a person can learn languages declines over time due to brain plasticity. penfield and eric
lenneburg. sort of supported by noam chomsky. 2-puberty
connectionist theories of language acquisition correct answers neuroscience and computer
science. neural connections. learning is seen as the development of specific connections in an
otherwise general network in response to environmental stimuli.
emergentist theory of language acquisition correct answers children learn language by using a
simple but adaptable set of neural networks to process and understand the complex linguistic
environment they are immersed in. children are born with a pattern extraction ability that is
effectuated by the growth and strengthening of neural networks. shares ideas with social
theorists.
The competition model of language acquisition correct answers brian macwhinney and elizabeth
bates argues there is no fundamental difference in how people acquire a first language or learn
subsequent languages, in both cases, various cognitive processes compete to offer the best
interpretation of the language cues offered to the learner by the surrounding environment. the
cognitive processes are reinforced by neural networks and get consolidated as permanent features
of the brain. cognitive structures (not linguistic structures) interact with the environment.
model of first language acquisition correct answers stages - pre-speech stage, babbling stage, one
word stage, two word or telegraphic stage, multiword stage
pre-speech stage correct answers 0-6 months, babies may produce comfort sounds, grunts and
sighs while paying attention to spoken language and begin to distinguish phonemes
babbling stage correct answers 6-8 months, babies begin to produce rhythmic sounds with
syllable like stops in repeated patterns. practices essential motor skills and allows infants to learn
how to produce basic sounds
one-word stage correct answers 10-18 months children produce their first words usually in
reference to poeple objects or actions that produce desired outcomes. overextension and
underextension is common.
two word or telegraphic stage correct answers 18-24 months, children produce two word phrases
using lexical rather than functional grammatical morphemes
multiword stage correct answers 30 months, children speak in complete sentences, adding
functional and grammatical elements through often making errors.
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