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IPA Exam 2 Questions And 100% Correct Answers
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IPA Exam 2 Questions And 100% Correct Answers-anterior triangle: lateral border is the anterior aspect of SCM muscle, superior border
is the mandible/jawline and medial border is midline of neck
-posterior triangle: posterior portion of SCM, clavicle and trapezius
Anterior Triangle versus posterior triangle of neck
-size, shape, delimitation, mobility, consistency and any tenderness
What characteristics are you looking for when examining lymph nodes?
-anterior auricular: ear, scalp, skin
-posterior auricular: ear, scalp, skin
-tonsillary: tonsils, posterior pharynx
-submandible: floor of mouth
-submental: teeth
-superficial cervical: throat, tonsils, oropharynx, thyroid, tongue
-deep cervical: throat, tonsils, oropharynx, thyroid, tongue
-posterior cervical: back of skull, scalp and neck
,-supraclavicular: thorax
What does each of the following drain into?
-pre-auricular
-post-auricular
-tonsillary
-submandible
-submental
-superficial cervical
-deep cervical
-posterior cervical
-supraclavicular
-sore throat, palatel petchiae (redness in back of throat), and posterior cervical lymph
node enlargement
Mononucleosis would present as what
Thyroid cartilage: adams apple
Isthmus: connects R and L lateral lobes; Place hand over windpipe and measure the rise
and fall of isthmus when swallowing
,-cricoid cartilage: below the thyroid cartilage
-thyroid gland in between the sternal notch and cricoid cartilage
Thyroid Cartilage
Cricoid Cartilage
Isthmus
Thyroid Gland
Carotid Artery: vigorous pulse with single outward component, always palpable, does
not disappear with added pressure, unchanged by position of patient and unchanged by
respiration
Jugular Vein: soft, undiluting quality 3 elevations (flutters) per <3 beat, rarely palpable.
Can eliminate pulsations by added pressure (just above clavicle), elevations change
with changes in position drops when pt is sitting upright, and levels fall with inspiration
Carotid artery vs. Jugular Vein
-elevations
-pressure elimination
-breathing cause changes
-changing positions (i.e. laying vs standing)
-quality
-palpable?
-Hypervolemic: angle for JVP as high as jaw, could occur as a result of renal failure
-Hypovolemic: angle for JVP as low as sternal angle, could be seen secondary to GI
bleed or marked dehydration
Hypervolemic vs. Hypovolemic as measured by JVP
, -presentations
-causes
Bruits; whoosing murmur like sounds of vascular origin that indicates there is
atherosclerotic narrowing
Auscultation of carotid artery
-what are you listening for and why
Palpation of lymph nodes
-soft
-rubbery
-fixed/firm/hard/NONtender
-tender
-normal thyroid is not visible
-diffuse enlargement: isthmus and lateral lobes are enlarged but there are no nodules
present. Seen with Graves, Hashimotos and endemic goiter
-single node: cyst, benign tumor, false + (actually part of multinodular goiter. A single
node would also raise suspicion for malignancy, therefore assess risk factors such as
rapid growth, hardness, fixation to surrounding tissues, male vs. female, cervical
lymphadenopathy
-multi-nodular: a multi-nodular goiter presents in iodine deficiency hypothyroidism
Thyroid enlargement: what is enlarged, what illness could be associated with it
-normal thyroid is not
-diffuse enlargement
-single node
-mult-inodular
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