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Biology 1105 Exam 1 vt with 100- correct answers(graded A+)
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Biology 1105 Exam 1 vt with 100- correct answers(graded A+)
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Biology 1105Exam 1 vt with
100% correct
answers(graded
A+)
What do living systems share? - answer 1. living systems consist of
cells (structure of cell is based on function)
2. living systems store and process information
3. living systems transform energy (photosynthetic organisms--
>non-photosynthetic organisms depend on photosynthetic
organisms)
4. living systems grow and reproduce
5. living systems adapt and evolve (natural selection)
What is the scientific theory? - answer An organizing framework of
concepts and hypotheses that have consistently been supported by
the scientific method and experimental evidence.
What are the observable features that create diversity in form and
function? - answer Phenotype
,What is phenotype determined by? - answer An organisms genetic
material (its genotype) and environmental influences
How are organisms classified? - answer phenotype or genotype
-Was heavily influenced by phenotypic comparisons, but is switching
over to genotype because genotypic comparisons have become
easier and more accessible recently
It is done within the fields of taxonomy and systematics
Lysosome - answer -contain digestive enzymes used to to carry out
the breakdown of macromolecules to create building blocks for the
cells synthetic reactions
taxonomy - answer The classification and naming of organisms
Endoplasmic Reticulum - answer What produces the digestive
enzymes found in the lysosome?
systematics - answer Examines the evolutionary relationships
between organisms
human genetic diseases - answer What are some side effects of
having bad digestive enzymes?
Why is the classification of organisms important? - answer 1. It
facilitates the study of life
2. Facilitates communication between biologists
What are taxonomic ranks? - answer The system used to classify
the organisms:
-each organism is named according to a binomial system- genus
species (italicized)
,Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Mnemonic: Do keep plates clean or family gets sick - answer
taxonomic ranks
peroxisomes - answer -they enclose a variety of enzymatic
reactions that might otherwise damage the cytosol
-ex: oxidation of fatty acids
biosynthetic reactions
detoxification
-often include an internal crystal like structure for digesting and
detoxifying enzymes
species - answer The most basic taxonomic rank
vacuoles - answer -water balance
-control of osmotic pressure
-storage of small molecules
-storage of waste products
-macromolecule degredation (like lysosomes)
Do all organisms descend from a common ancestor? - answer Yes
In what other ways can phenotypes and genotypes be used? -
answer to identify the evolutionary relationships between
organisms
phenotypic tree - answer vertical lines- branches
root/base- most recent common ancestor
, Cell Theory - answer 1. All organisms are composed of cells
2. Cells are the smallest living things
3. Cells arise only from pre-existing cells
-->All cells today represent a continuous line of descent from the
first living cell
What are the hierarchies that living systems are organized in? -
answer Atom-->molecule-->macromolecule-->organelle-->cell--
>tissue-->organ-->organ system-->organism-->population--
>community-->ecosystem-->biosphere
Each level of the hierarchy exhibits emergent properties
mitochondria - answer -semi autonomous organelles found in both
plant and animal cells
-they metabolize sugar to synthesize ATP
-reproduce by binary fission
-two membrane structure (contains intermembrane space)
-circular DNA-codes for some of the proteins in mitochondria
-ribosomes-facilitates expression of DNA
emergent properties - answer -result from the interaction of
components
-cannot be deduced by looking at the parts themselves
-the whole is greater than the sum of its parts
-"life" is an emergent property
chloroplasts - answer -use light energy to synthesize ATP and
sugars
-reproduce by binary fission
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