Exam (elaborations)
Virginia Tech Biology 1105 Unit 4 Review with 100- correct answers(graded A+).
- Course
- Institution
Virginia Tech Biology 1105 Unit 4 Review with 100- correct answers(graded A+).
[Show more]
Content preview
Virginia Tech Biology 1105Unit 4 Review with 100%
correct answers(graded A+)
genomics - answer branch of biology dealing with mapping,
sequencing, annotating & analyzing whole genomes
integrates classical & molecular genetics to better understand
genomes
genome - answer entire set of DNA instructions found within a cell,
contains all information needed for an individual to develop and
function
genetic map - answer this type of genome map is derived from
recombination frequency & linkage analysis
provides relative locations of genes or genetic markers
abstract (don't know where the start and end points are)
physical map - answer this type of genome map provides precise
location in genome and often has a resolution at the nucleotide
level
kilobases - answer *Physical Maps*
- use landmarks within the DNA sequence
,- common landmarks = enzyme cutting sites, small segments of
actual nucleotide sequence
- ultimate form of a physical map = placement of many genetic
markers on a complete genetic sequence
- units for physical maps: ______________
restriction map - answer *Physical Maps - 2 types*
this type of physical map was created by digesting DNA w/ more
than 1 restriction enzymes & mapping the location of the enzyme
cut sites
provides location of cut sites
chromosome maps - answer *Physical Maps - 2 types*
this type of physical map is used to study whole chromosomes or
genes which can translocate/move to other chromosomes
uses staining techniques to identify regions of interest & can be
viewed using a microscope
lower resolution → allows researchers to view entire chromosomes
or genomes at once
Sequence-Tagged Site (STS) Map - answer this type of map
combines high resolution and ability to view large pieces of DNA at
a glance
STS = a small stretch of unique DNA, found at only 1 location in the
genome that can be amplified using PCR
,used to identify location of DNA fragment in genome or piece
together fragments by analyzing overlapping STS sites
contig - answer *Sequence-Tagged Site (STS) Map*
the presence or absence of an STS site on a fragment helps
researchers to organize fragments into a continuous sequence
called a ___________
chain-terminating nucleotides - answer all sequencing methods
rely on PCR, electrophoresis, and use of _____________________
________________
ddNTPs - answer *chain-terminating nucleotides*
- the earliest form of CT nucleotides is ____________, which lack a
hydroxyl group to which nucleotides are usually added → they act as
chain-terminators when incorporated into DNA molecules during
PCR
4 - answer *ddNTPs*
- they can have any of the ____ DNA bases attached
- if the researchers knows which of the 4 ddNTPs is terminating the
sequence, they can known the base at that location in the genome
sequence
fluorescent - answer *Dideoxy (automated) Sequencing*
1. start with a template strand of unknown sequence
, 2. amplify using PCR
3. incorporate ddNTPs labeled with a _______________ marker for
A,T,G,C
4. DNA fragments created by PCR are separated using
electrophoresis
5. as fragments pass through tubes during electrophoresis, a laser
& photo-detector work in tandem to identify fluorescent ddNTPs
reversed - answer *Next Generation Sequencing*
- this method is faster, cheaper, and can sequence larger fragments
of DNA in a single reaction compared to automated sequencing
- multiple copies of fragments ensures accuracy
- difference: the CT nucleotides can be __________/changed back into
normal nucleotides, which enables each fragment to be sequenced
multiple times with new reversible CT nucleotides added each time
contig - answer most genomes are too large to be sequenced in a
single step, so most approaches require breaking genomes into
fragments, sequencing those fragments, & then assembling a
___________ by matching overlapping sequences
physical - answer the clone-contig method of fragmenting a
genome to be sequenced is when the genome is fragmented into
large pieces of DNA called clones
the clones can be arranged in order based on STS sites, which are
__________ mapping landmarks
shotgun - answer the ______________ method of fragmenting a
genome does not rely on any genetic or physical maps
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller GUARANTEEDSUCCESS. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $14.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
83662 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now