seconds. Which of the following dysrhythmias is the patient at risk for?
A. Atrial fibrillation because the PR interval is wide
B. Sinus arrhythmia because the QRS complex is narrow
C. Torsades de pointes because the QTc is wide
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D. Third-degree heart block because the PR interval is narrow
Answer C.
QT measurements reflect the duration of ventricular repolarization. Lengthening of QT interval
is associated with arrhythmias, adverse cardiac events, and increased mortality because a longer
QT duration places the vulnerable ventricular repolariza- tion phase close to the next
depolarization, increasing the likelihood of R-on-T. The most common arrhythmia that occurs
with prolonged QTc is torsades de pointes.
Atrial fibrillation, sinus bradycardia, and third-degree heart block are not typically associated
with prolonged ventricular repolarization (QTc >0.50 seconds).
3. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is admitted for
worsening dyspnea and possible pneumonia.The current ABG results are pH, 7.19; PaO2,
52 mm Hg; PaCO2, 68 mm Hg; HCO3 - , 32 mmol/L.The nurse would interpret these
results as
A. Metabolic acidosis with hypoxemia
B. Respiratory acidosis with hypoxemia
C. Respiratory alkalosis with typical oxygenation for a COPD patient
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D. Metabolic alkalosis with typical oxygenation for a COPD patient
Answer B.
Based on the ABG analysis, the patient is experiencing a respiratory acidosis with hypoxemia
most likely due to the pneumonia. A pH of 7.19 indicates acidosis; a PaCO2 of 68 mm Hg is
elevated and a cause of acidosis; an HCO3 - of 32 mmol/L indicates renal compensation; a PaO2
of 52 mm Hg indicates hypoxemia
4. 76-year-old patient is receiving gentamicin and linezolid for an infection. Which of
the following potential complications is the most important for the nurse to monitor
this patient for?
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