Provides in-depth answers for Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. Goes into detail on unconscious and conscious thought. People's need for achievement including gender and cultural differences. It also explains the more detailed uses of positive and negative reinforcements and punishments.
Chapter 8 PSYS The Trait Approach: Relevant Research
Chapter Outlines
● Achievement Motivation
● Type A, Hostility, and Health
● Social Anxiety
● Emotions
● Optimism and Pessimism
Need for Achievement
● Desire to
○ Accomplish something difficult
○ Master, manipulate, or organize
○ Overcome obstacles and attain a high standard
○ Assessed using the Thematic Apperception Test
○ Investigators focused on entrepreneurial behavior – they
discovered that people with a high need for achievement do not
always fit our stereotypes of a highly successful
businessperson
Characteristics of High-Need Achievers
● Taking moderate risks
● Tackling work with a lot of energy
● Being disinterested in routine and boring jobs
● Preferring jobs that give personal responsibility for outcomes
● Wanting concrete feedback about the performance
Factors Predicting Achievement Behavior
● Parenting practices associated with a high need for achievement in
children
● People find economic prosperity than others
● A high level of achievement motivation interferes with effective
performance
Gender, culture, and Achievement
● High need for achievement predicts success in the business world for
both genders
● Men and women think about achievement in different ways
○ Men see success in terms of external standards
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