Who is Dorothea Dix - ANSWER -teacher by profession
-during civil war was appointed superintendent of nurses
-organized a corps of female nurses
-established the first hospital for the mentally ill
Who is Clara Barton - ANSWER -teacher by profession
-one of the first civilians to gather army supplies during the Civil War
-1864: Appointed Superintendent of the Department of Nurses for the Army
-following war President Andrew Johnson commissioned her to find missing
prisoners of war
-1881: helped establish first chapter of American Red Cross in Danville, New York
Who is Lavina Dock - ANSWER -was a writer and political activist
-early feminist devoted to women's suffrage
-participated in protest and demonstrations until passage of the 19th Amendment in
1920
-1893 Dock with Isabel Hampton Robb and Mary Nutting founded the American
Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses of the U.S. and Canada
-This organization was very politically active & became the NLN which promotes
quality nursing education to this day
Who is Clara Louis Maass (1876-1901) - ANSWER -One of the nation's most
courageous nurses, Clara Louise Maass lost her life during scientific studies to
determine the cause of yellow fever. A graduate of Newark German Hospital
Training School for Nurses, she worked as an Army nurse in Florida, Cuba, and the
Philippines during the Spanish-American War.
-In 1900, Maass returned to Cuba at the request of Maj. William Gorgas, chief
sanitation officer. There she became embroiled in a controversy over the cause of
yellow fever. To determine whether the tropical fever was caused by city filth or the
bite of a mosquito, seven volunteers, including Maass, were bitten by the
mosquitoes.
-Two men died, but she survived. Several months later she again volunteered to be
bitten, this time suffering severe pain and fever.
-Maass died of yellow fever at the age of 25. In her memory, Newark German
Hospital was renamed Clara Maass Memorial Hospital and in 1952, Cuba issued a
national postage stamp in her name.
-In 1976, the U.S. Postal Service honored Clara Louise Maass with a
commemorative stamp.
Mary Eliza Mahoney (1845-1926) - ANSWER -America's first black professional
nurse, Mary Eliza Mahoney is known not only for her outstanding personal career,
but also for her exemplary contributions to local and national professional
organizations
-Mahoney inspired both nurses and patients with her calm, quiet efficiency and
untiring compassion
-Today, the Mary Mahoney Award is bestowed biennially in recognition of significant
contributions in interracial relationships.
Who is Helen Fairchild (1885-1918) - ANSWER -Was a 1913 graduate of
Pennsylvania Hospital Training School in Philadelphia. When the United States
,entered the World War in 1917 Helen joined the Pennsylvania Hospital unit as a
nurse. These American Expeditionary Force Base Hospitals included physicians,
nurses and dietiticians and six such units from across the country departed for
France in May 1917 to serve with the British Expeditionary Forces
-She herself became a casualty, possibly from the exposure to mustard gas and
stresses of combat. She died following exploratory surgery; the autopsy listed "acute
yellow atrophy of the liver," as a cause of death.
Who is Jane Arminda Delano (1862-1919) - ANSWER -Was the central figure in
uniting the work of the Nurses' Associated Alumnae (renamed the American Nurses
Association in 1911), Army Nurse Corps, and American Red Cross. From 1909-
1912, she served as president of the Nurses' Associated Alumnae and became
superintendent of the Army Nurse Corps
-Perhaps her greatest achievement was helping supply 20,000 professional nurses
to meet the needs of that war. She died in Europe while in wartime service.
-Her motto was "American nurses for American Men"
Who is Mary Breckinridge (1881-1965) - ANSWER -Introduced a model rural
health care system into the United States in 1925. To provide professional services
to neglected people of a thousand square mile area in southeastern Kentucky, she
created a decentralized system of nurse-midwives, district nursing centers, and
hospital facilities. Originally called the Kentucky Committee for Mothers and Babies,
later the Frontier Nursing Service (FNS), the system lowered the rate of death in
childbirth in Leslie County, Kentucky, from the highest in the nation to substantially
below the national average
Who is Susie Walking Bear Yellowtail (1903-1981) - ANSWER -While working with
the then Indian Health Service from 1929 to1931, Susie Walking Bear Yellowtail
helped to bring modern health care to her own people and to end abuses in the
Indian health care system, such as the sterilization of Native American women
without their consent.
-From 1930 to 1960, the Montana nurse traveled throughout North American
reservations to assess the health, social and educational problems Native Americans
faced.
-One of her assessment's revealed that acutely ill Native American children were
literally dying on the backs of their mothers, who often had to walk 20 to 30 miles to
get to one of the five hospitals that served 160,000 Navajo.
What is the concept of "nurse" - ANSWER care of others
What is the History of Nursing - ANSWER -Art- "know how"
-Science "know that
-Young profession-old art
What are two things that impact the role of nursing in any society - ANSWER -the
status of women in society=Status of nurse
-War- increased need=elevated status
Explain Early Tribal society - ANSWER -Health affected by good and bad spirits
-Spiritual leader became the "shaman" or medicine man
, -Care giving fell to females in the family of the ill person
Explain Early Civilizations - ANSWER -Temples became the center of medical care
(male attendants)
-Priests became physician
-Nursing by slaves, priests in training, or in home
-Documented in Hindu cultures, Egypt, Greece, Rome, Babylon
-Evidence of a combination of prayer and medical practices were used
Explain the Impact of Christianity - ANSWER -Middle ages 400-1500 C.E.
-Value of compassion and women develops
-Nursing becomes a formally organized profession with "Deaconesses"
-Organized visits to the ill
-Christianity thrives=Nursing thrives
-542 C.E. hospital Hotel Dieu in Lyons, France is established
Explain Crusades (1095-1291) - ANSWER -Increased number of pilgrims and
soldiers far from home in need of care
-Military "hospitalers"
-Specialized soldiers who after battle cared for the ill and wounded
-Almost all nursing training was received in religious orders
-Nursing becomes a respected vocation
Explain Reformation/Renaissance (1517) - ANSWER -Emphasis changes from
religion to science, knowledge, and culture
-Influence of Christianity fades-value of service fades-nursing fades
-Female criminals were allowed to do nursing in lieu of jail sentence to relieve the
shortage
-Nursing becomes a vocation of poor pay, reputation, & conditions
-This persists till ...............
Explain Modern Nursing - ANSWER -Was born of one woman's dream (Florence
Nightingale)
-That evolved into a great cause
-And eventually produced a fine tradition of humanitarian service
-We are a part of that tradition!
Explain Late 1700's to the early 1800's - ANSWER -Horrible condition of prisons,
mental institutions influences many toward overall social reform
-Renewed interest in charity begins
-Large group of wealthy aristocrats in England develops and sitting at their feet
listening is a little girl named.....
Who is Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) - ANSWER -Wealthy, educated and
socially enlightened (grew up with famous social reformers)
-Studies nursing (against her family's wishes) at Kaiserworth in Germany
-Develops a new perception of nursing which combines education in science,
statistics and moral requirements
-Founded modern nursing and inducted into the Mathematic Hall of Fame for her
work in statistics
