Epstein-Barr Virus typical presentation - ANSWER-- teen or young adult
- fatigue, fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes
- swollen, erythematous tonsils
EPV lab findings - ANSWER-- elevated ALT and AST
- positive monospot test - heterophile antibody test
- lymphocytosis
Where do kidney stones form? - ANSWER-May occur anywhere along the
urinary tract: renal tubules, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, and/or urethra.
1. ureteropelvic junction: where renal pelvis transitions into the ureter
2. ureterovesical junction: where ureter meets urinary bladder
3. mid-ureter
4. distal ureter
What are the different nephrolithiasis conditions (3)? - ANSWER-- staghorn
calculus: mixture of magnesium ammonium phosphate and calcium phosphate.
Arise in a setting of chronic urinary infection with urease splitting bacteria like
Proteus mirabilis
- calcium oxalate stones: most common, occurs when calcium binds with
oxalate due to excess oxalate. Treated with diet changes, increased fluid intake,
sometimes thiazides.
- uric acid stones: excess purines. treated by increasing urine pH, diet change,
fluid intake.
Pathogenesis of PSGN - ANSWER-- Type III hypersensitivity reaction (immune
complex mediated); circulating or planted antigen
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